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Green preparation and characterization of graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes-loaded carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites.

ABSTRACT: In this study, a homogeneous and stable dispersion of graphene oxide (GO)/carbon nanotube (CNT) complexes (GCCs) was obtained by dispersing CNTs in an aqueous solution using GO in the absence of dispersing agents. Furthermore, carboxymethyl cellulose/GCC (CMC/GCC) nanocomposite films were prepared by a simple solution mixing-evaporation method. The dispersibility of the GCCs with different CNT contents was investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The morphological and crystalline structures of the samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were conducted to identify the chemical composition of GO, CNTs, and GCCs. These results revealed that CNTs could be stably dispersed in water using GO. In addition, when CMC/GCC nanocomposite films were prepared by mixing CMC and GCCs, CNTs were uniformly dispersed in the CMC matrix. The tensile behavior was investigated using a universal testing machine. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the CMC/GCC nanocomposite films were significantly improved by up to about 121% and 122%, respectively, compared to those of pure CMC because of uniform and strong ?-? interfacial interactions between CNTs and CMC polymer.

SUBMITTER: Son YR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6279817 | biostudies-other | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesised via the oxidation of graphite and was characterised using ATR FTIR, PXRD, SEM, TEM and TGA. These techniques confirmed the presence of characteristic oxygen-containing functional groups and the resulting increase in interlayer spacing in the nanostructure. GO is used as the support to form nanocomposites composed of combinations of the following: iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and palladium nanoparticles (Pd). The four final nanocomposites formed are: Pd/GO, Pd/Fe3O4/GO, Pd/CNT/GO, and Pd/CNT/Fe3O4/GO. Key intermediates were analysed using ATR FTIR for the confirmation of the modification. Additionally, all composites and their precursors underwent electron microscopic analysis to visually assess composite morphologies and the size distribution of deposited nanoparticles. The Fe3O4 and Pd nanoparticles were indistinguishable from each other in their spherical shape and particle diameters, which were no bigger than 32 nm. From the TGA, incorporation of Fe3O4, CNT and finally Pd into the nanocomposites increased total thermal stability in terms of mass percentage lost over the temperature programme. GO showed significant decomposition, with all nanocomposites remaining relatively stable up to 120 °C. ICP OES results showed total Pd content by mass percentage for each final composite, varied from 7.9% to 9.1% mass Pd/collective mass. XPS confirmed the expected elemental compositions of composites according to their structures and the Pd0 : PdII ratios are obtained. The nanocomposites were tested for the catalytic reduction of nitrophenols. Pd/CNT/Fe3O4/GO gave the highest TOF' for the reduction of 4-NP and 2-NP. For the reduction of 3-NP, Pd/GO showed the highest TOF'. Nitrophenol's pK a and catalyst TOF' correlated in a direct proportional relationship for Pd/GO and Pd/Fe3O4/GO. It was found that Pd0 surpassed PdII in catalytic activity. Reduction of PdII to Pd0 took place during the first catalytic cycle.

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Green preparation and characterization of graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes-loaded carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites.

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