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Intracranial Atherosclerosis Burden and Stroke Recurrence for Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis (sICAS).

ABSTRACT: Intracranial atherosclerosis burden is an arising key index for the risk and prognosis for Intracranial Atherosclerosis Stenosis (ICAS). The present study estimated one-year prognosis for patients of symptomatic ICAS with different degrees of intracranial atherosclerosis burden (ICASB) and identified whether the category of multiple and single acute infarction was associated with atherosclerosis burden. A total of 2864 consecutive patients, from 22 hospitals across China, who experienced an acute cerebral ischemia <7 days after onset of symptoms were evaluated. All patients underwent magnetic resonance angiography, and the degree of intracranial stenosis with the ICASB was calculated. The patients were categorized into three groups according to ICASB grading: <4, 4-5 and >5scores. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the impact of the hazard ratios(HR) of the putative determinants of recurrent stroke in one year. In the groups with ICASB 4-5 and ICASB >5scores recurrent stroke were significantly higher than the other (P<0.0001). On multivariate logistic analysis, ICASB (4-5) indicated more stroke recurrence at 12 months (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-3.56; P=0.027), compared to the ICASB<4scores and >5 groups (P<0.001). Moreover, proportion of single and multiple infarction lesions differs with different ICASB. Multiple lesions were related with higher of ICASB(P<0.001). Intracranial atherosclerosis burden was associated with recurrent stroke at 12 months. Multiple infarction lesions were associated with higher ICASB score which indicate higher risk of recurrent.

SUBMITTER: Sun P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6284755 | biostudies-other | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundThe triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple measure of insulin resistance, is associated with intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) and stroke. In hypertensive populations, this association may be pronounced. The aim was to investigate the relationship between TyG and symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis (sICAS) and recurrence risk in ischemic stroke patients with hypertension.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter cohort study included patients with acute minor ischemic stroke with a preadmission diagnosis of hypertension from September 2019 to November 2021 with a 3-month follow-up. The presence of sICAS was determined by a combination of clinical manifestations, the location of the infarction, and the corresponding artery with moderate-to-severe stenosis. ICAS burden was determined by the degree and number of ICAS occurrences. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and triglyceride (TG) were measured to calculate TyG. The main outcome was ischemic stroke recurrence during the 90-day follow-up. Multivariate regression models were used to explore the association of TyG, sICAS, and ICAS burden with stroke recurrence.ResultsThere were 1281 patients with a mean age of 61.6 ± 11.6 years; 70.1% were male, and 26.4% were diagnosed with sICAS. There were 117 patients who experienced stroke recurrence during follow-up. Patients were categorized according to quartiles of TyG. After adjusting for confounders, the risk of sICAS was greater (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.04-2.43, p = 0.033) and the risk of stroke recurrence was significantly higher (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.07-3.84, p = 0.025) in the fourth TyG quartile than in the first quartile. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot revealed a linear relationship between TyG and sICAS, and the threshold value for TyG was 8.4. Patients were then dichotomized into low and high TyG groups by the threshold. Patients with high TyG combined with sICAS had a higher risk of recurrence (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.39-4.65) than patients with low TyG without sICAS. An interaction effect on stroke recurrence between TyG and sICAS was found (p = 0.043).ConclusionTyG is a significant risk factor for sICAS in hypertensive patients, and there is a synergistic effect of sICAS and higher TyG on ischemic stroke recurrence.Trial registration numberThe study was registered on 16 August 2019 at https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=41160 (No. ChiCTR1900025214).

Project description:ObjectiveAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) is characterized by high rates of morbidity, disability, mortality, and recurrence, often leaving patients with varying degrees of sequelae. Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS) is a significant contributor to AIS pathogenesis and recurrence. The formation and progression of sICAS are influenced by pathways such as lipid metabolism and inflammatory response. Given its high risk of clinical recurrence, timely assessment of intracranial vascular stenosis in AIS is crucial for diagnosing sICAS, treating stroke, and preventing stroke recurrence.MethodsFourteen AIS patients were divided into stenosis and control groups based on the presence or absence of intracranial vessel stenosis. Initially, 4D Label-free proteome quantification technology was employed for mass spectrometry analysis to identify differential proteins between the groups. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis, including GO classification, KEGG pathway, and Domain, revealed trends related to differential proteins. The STRING (v.11.5) protein interaction network database was used to identify differential protein interactions and target proteins. Finally, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) validated the selected target proteins.ResultsMass spectrometry identified 1,096 proteins, with 991 being quantitatively comparable. Using a p-value <0.05 and differential expression change thresholds of >1.3 for significant up-regulation and < 1/1.3 for significant down-regulation, 46 differential proteins were identified: 24 significantly up-regulated and 22 significantly down-regulated. PRM experiments validated five proteins related to lipid metabolism and inflammatory response: namely alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), cathepsin G (CTSG), cystatin (CST)3, and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP)1.ConclusionThe detection of changes in these five proteins in AIS patients can aid in the diagnosis of sICAS, inform stroke treatment, and assist in preventing stroke recurrence. Moreover, it can contribute to the development of drugs for preventing AIS recurrence by integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Project description:There are limited data on the specific mechanisms of stroke in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). We undertook this study to describe infarct patterns and likely mechanisms of stroke in a large cohort of patients with ICAS, and to evaluate the relationship of these infarct patterns to angiographic features (collaterals, stenosis location and stenosis severity).We evaluated infarct patterns in the territory of a stenotic intracranial artery on neuroimaging performed at baseline and during follow-up if a recurrent stroke occurred in patients enrolled in the Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial. We defined the likely mechanism of stroke (artery-to-artery embolism, perforator occlusion, hypoperfusion or mixed) according to the site of ICAS and based on the infarct patterns on neuroimaging. Collaterals were assessed using American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) grades, and stenosis severity using the WASID trial's measurement technique. We evaluated the association of infarct patterns with angiographic features using ?(2) tests.The likely mechanisms of stroke based on the infarct patterns at baseline in the 136 patients included in the study were artery-to-artery embolism (n = 69; 50.7%), perforator occlusion (n = 34; 25%), hypoperfusion (n = 12; 8.8%) and mixed (n = 21; 15.5%). Perforator-occlusive infarcts were more frequent in the posterior circulation, and mixed patterns were more prevalent in the anterior circulation (both p < 0.01). Most of the mixed patterns in the anterior circulation combined small pial or scattered multiple cortical infarcts with infarcts in border-zone regions, especially the cortical ones. Isolated border-zone infarcts were not significantly associated with a poor grading for collaterals or the severity of stenosis. Among 47 patients with a recurrent infarct during follow-up, the infarct patterns suggested an artery-to-artery embolic mechanism in 29 (61.7%).Artery-to-artery embolism is probably the most common mechanism of stroke in both the anterior and the posterior circulations in patients with ICAS. An extension of intracranial atherosclerosis at the site of stenosis into adjacent perforators also appears to be a common mechanism of stroke, particularly in the posterior circulation, whereas hypoperfusion as the sole mechanism is relatively uncommon. Further research is important to accurately establish the specific mechanisms of stroke in patients with ICAS, since preliminary data suggest that the underlying mechanism of stroke is an important determinant of prognosis.

Project description:IntroductionAtherosclerotic intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) is one of most common causes of stroke, which is the second-leading cause of death worldwide. Medical, surgical and endovascular therapy are three major treatments for ICAS. Currently, medical therapy is considered as the standard of care for most patients with ICAS, while extracranial to intracranial bypass is only used in rare situations. Balloon angioplasty alone, balloon-mounted stent and self-expanding stent, collectively called endovascular treatment, have shown promising potentials in treating specific subgroups of patients with symptomatic ICAS; however, their comparative safety and efficacy is still unclear. Therefore, a systematic review with network meta-analysis is needed to establish a hierarchy of these endovascular treatments.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols was followed to establish this protocol. The search will be limited to studies published from 1 January 2000 to the formal search date. Major databases including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, conference proceedings and grey literature database will be searched for clinical studies comparing at least two interventions for patients with symptomatic ICAS. Primary outcomes include short-term and long-term mortality or stroke rate. Random effects pairwise and network meta-analyses of included studies will be performed on STATA (V.14, StataCorp, 2015). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve and mean rank will be calculated in order to establish a hierarchy of the endovascular treatments. Evaluation of the risk of bias, heterogeneity, consistency, transitivity and quality of evidence will follow the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not needed as systematic review is based on published studies. Study findings will be presented at international conferences and published on a peer-reviewed journal.Prospero registration numberCRD42018084055; Pre-results.

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Intracranial Atherosclerosis Burden and Stroke Recurrence for Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis (sICAS).

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