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Maternal dietary consumption of legumes, vegetables and fruit during pregnancy, does it protect against small for gestational age?

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Different diets during pregnancy might have an impact on the health, reflected in the birthweight of newborns. The consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy and the relationship with newborn health status have been studied by several authors. However, these studies have shown inconsistent results. PURPOSE:We assessed whether certain foods were related to the risk of small for gestational age (SGA). METHODS:A matched by age (± 2?years) and hospital 1:1 case-control study of 518 pairs of pregnant Spanish women in five hospitals was conducted. The cases were women with an SGA newborn at delivery (neonates weighting less than the 10th percentile, adjusted for gestational age at delivery and sex, were diagnosed as SGA). The control group comprised women giving birth to babies adequate for gestational age (AGA). Mothers who gave birth to babies large for gestational age (LGA) were excluded. Data were gathered concerning demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, toxic habits and diet. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) comprising 137 items was completed by all participants. The intake of vegetables, legumes and fruits was categorized in quintiles (Q1-Q5). Crude values and and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. The variables for adjustment were as follows: preeclampsia, education, smoking, weight gain per week during pregnancy, fish intake and previous preterm/low birthweight newborns. RESULTS:Total pulse intake showed an inverse association with the risk of SGA (trend p?=?0.02). Women with an intake of fruits above 420?g/day (Q5), compared with women in Q1 (? 121?g/day) showed a decreased risk of SGA (AOR?=?0.63, 95% CI?=?0.40-0.98). The total consumption of vegetables was not associated with the risk of SGA. The intake of selenium was assessed: a protective association was observed for Q3-5; a daily intake above 60??g was associated with a lower risk of SGA (AOR?=?0.39, 95% CI: 0.22-0.69). CONCLUSIONS:Fruits, pulses and selenium reduce the risk of SGA in Spanish women.

SUBMITTER: Martinez-Galiano JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6288906 | biostudies-other | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Maternal dietary consumption of legumes, vegetables and fruit during pregnancy, does it protect against small for gestational age?

Martínez-Galiano Juan Miguel JM Amezcua-Prieto Carmen C Salcedo-Bellido Inmaculada I González-Mata Guadalupe G Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora A Delgado-Rodríguez Miguel M

BMC pregnancy and childbirth 20181211 1

<h4>Background</h4>Different diets during pregnancy might have an impact on the health, reflected in the birthweight of newborns. The consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy and the relationship with newborn health status have been studied by several authors. However, these studies have shown inconsistent results.<h4>Purpose</h4>We assessed whether certain foods were related to the risk of small for gestational age (SGA).<h4>Methods</h4>A matched by age (± 2 years) and hospital 1:1 ...[more]

PMID: 30537936

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Project description:BackgroundBoth obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) are associated with adverse outcomes. Diet during pregnancy impacts weight gain and fetal growth. Therefore, we aimed to explore non-pharmacological treatment success depending on pre-pregnancy body weight and its association with large for gestational age (LGA) infants in women with GDM.MethodsIn our observational study we investigated 57 singleton pregnant women with GDM. All women received standard treatment, including healthy diet education and regular medical checkups. Data were collected through blood analysis, medical records and questionnaires assessing diet before conception and during pregnancy. Differences in dietary patterns were compared in normal weight and overweight/obese group using Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate. Logistic regression was used for prediction of LGA. p-value less than 0.05 was used for statistical significance.ResultsPreconceptionally, the Mann-Whitney U test showed that the normal-weight group (n = 41) more frequently consumed fruits (U = 116.5, p < 0.001), eggs (U = 189.5, p = 0.02), cheese (U = 148.0, p = 0.003) compared to the overweight/obese group (n = 16), that consumed more beef (U = 407.0, p = 0.03) and low-calorie beverages (U = 397.0, p = 0.05). During pregnancy both groups improved their diet, with no differences detected. Personality types differed only preconceptionally with regard to healthy diet. Excessive gestational weight gain did not significantly differ between body-weight groups (16.6% vs. 23.1%), neither did the incidence of LGA infants (46.2% vs. 43.8%). Significant predictors of LGA were paternal height (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.23), 3rd trimester HbA1c (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.26-0.97), unemployment (OR = 4.80, 95% CI 1.12-20.61) and diet improvement during pregnancy (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.02-1.39). After adjustment improvement in diet was no longer a significant predictor for LGA.ConclusionEven though dietary patterns of the participants significantly improved during pregnancy, LGA infants were born independently of pre-pregnancy weight or diet and despite good glycemic control. Further research is needed to explore social determinants of health and whether solutions outside the health sector could provide efficient means in preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as improving metabolic health.

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Maternal dietary consumption of legumes, vegetables and fruit during pregnancy, does it protect against small for gestational age?

Publications

Maternal dietary consumption of legumes, vegetables and fruit during pregnancy, does it protect against small for gestational age?

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