Growth differentiation factor 15 is positively associated with incidence of diabetes mellitus: the Malmo Diet and Cancer-Cardiovascular Cohort.

ABSTRACT: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine of the transforming growth factor-? superfamily. Circulating levels of GDF-15 are associated with hyperglycaemia among people with obesity or diabetes, but longitudinal evidence on the association between GDF-15 levels and diabetes risk is scarce. Our aim was to explore whether circulating levels of GDF-15 at baseline are positively associated with future diabetes incidence in a middle-aged urban population. METHODS:Between 1991 and 1994, baseline fasting plasma GDF-15 levels were measured in 4360 individuals without diabetes (mean age 57.4?±?5.96 years, 38.6% men) who were participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer-Cardiovascular Cohort. After a follow-up of 19.0?±?5.16 years (mean?±?SD), Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for the study of the relationship between baseline GDF-15 and incident diabetes, with adjustment for established confounders. A sensitivity analysis included further adjustment for levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS:During the follow-up period, 621 individuals developed diabetes. The multivariate-adjusted HR for diabetes incidence was 1.43 (95% CI 1.11, 1.83; p for trend = 0.007) for the fourth compared with the first quartile of GDF-15, and was 1.17 (95% CI 1.07, 1.28; p?55 and ?60) and >60 years, respectively. With adjustment for levels of CRP, the HR per SD increase of GDF-15 (1.21, 95% CI 1.09, 1.35) was significant (p?=?0.015), but the HR for the fourth compared with the first quartile of GDF-15 was not significant (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.01, 1.67; p for trend = 0.061). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION:GDF-15 may be useful for identification of people with a risk of incident diabetes, especially if those people are ?60 years old.

SUBMITTER: Bao X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6290854 | biostudies-other | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other