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Disparities in treatment and survival among elderly ovarian cancer patients.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To determine correlation between race and receipt of optimal treatment for ovarian cancer and the impact of this on overall survival. METHODS:Using SEER-linked Medicare database, women 66 and older diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer between 2002 and 2011 were identified. Patients with unclear histology, diagnosed on autopsy and without Medicare Parts A and B were excluded. We used Chi-square test for categorical variables, F test for continuous variables, and multivariable logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with receipt of surgery and chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival rates. Cox Proportional Hazards regression was performed to identify factors associated with 5-year survival. RESULTS:9016 ovarian cancer patients were included. 2638 had primary chemotherapy, 4854 had primary surgery, and 1524 had no treatment. 7653 (84.9%) were white, 572 (6.3%) black, 479 (5.3%) Hispanic, and 312 (3.5%) were of other race/ethnicity. More white patients (57.2%) received both chemotherapy and surgery compared to black (39.9%), Hispanic (48.9%), or other (54.2%) (p < .001). Receipt of either only surgery or chemotherapy, or receipt of neither, resulted in higher risk of death when compared to receipt of both. On multivariable analysis, black (OR 0.58 [0.46-0.73]) and Hispanic (0.69 [0.54-0.88]) patients were less likely to receive both chemotherapy and surgery. Being of black race was significantly correlated with worse overall survival [HR 1.13 (1.03-1.23); p = .02]. CONCLUSIONS:Non-white women are less likely to receive the standard of care treatment for ovarian cancer and more likely to die from their disease than white women.

SUBMITTER: Taylor JS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6294439 | biostudies-other | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundReports indicate that black patients have lower survival after the diagnosis of a poor prognosis cancer, compared with white patients. We explored the extent to which this disparity is attributable to the underuse of surgery.Study designUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and Medicare database, we identified 57,364 patients, ages 65 years and older, with a new diagnosis of nonmetastatic liver, lung, pancreatic, and esophageal cancer, from 2000 to 2005. We evaluated racial differences in resection rates after adjustment for patient, tumor, and hospital characteristics using hierarchical logistic regression. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess racial differences in survival after adjusting for patient, tumor, and hospital characteristics, and receipt of surgery.ResultsCompared with white patients, black patients were less likely to undergo surgery for liver (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.83), lung (aOR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.56-0.69), pancreas (aOR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.41-0.70), and esophagus cancers (aOR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.99). Hospitals varied in their surgery rates among patients with potentially resectable disease. However, resection rates were consistently lower for black patients, regardless of the resection rate of the treating hospital. Although there were no racial differences in overall survival with liver and esophageal cancer, black patients experienced poorer survival for lung (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.10) and pancreas cancer (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03-1.30). In both instances, there were no residual racial disparities in overall survival after adjusting for use of surgery.ConclusionsBlack patients are less likely to undergo surgery after diagnosis of a poor prognosis cancer. Our findings suggest that surgery is an important predictor of overall mortality, and that efforts to reduce racial disparities will require stakeholders to gain a better understanding of why elderly black patients are less likely to get to the operating room.

Project description:BackgroundThe relationship between racial and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities and the quality of epithelial ovarian cancer care and survival outcome are unclear.MethodsA population-based analysis of National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) records for invasive primary epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed in the period from 1998 to 2002 was done using data from patients classified as white or black. Adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline care was defined by stage-appropriate surgical procedures and recommended chemotherapy. The main outcome measures were differences in adherence to NCCN guidelines and overall survival according to race and SES and were analyzed using binomial logistic regression and multilevel survival analysis.ResultsA total of 47 160 patients (white = 43 995; black = 3165) were identified. Non-NCCN-guideline-adherent care was an independent predictor of inferior overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38 to 1.47). Demographic characteristics independently associated with a higher likelihood of not receiving NCCN guideline-adherent care were black race (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.25 to 1.48), Medicare payer status (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.28), and not insured payer status (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.49). After controlling for disease and treatment-related variables, independent racial and SES predictors of survival were black race (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.22 to 1.36), Medicaid payer status (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.38), not insured payer status (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.44), and median household income less than $35 000 (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.11).ConclusionsThese data highlight statistically and clinically significant disparities in the quality of ovarian cancer care and overall survival, independent of NCCN guidelines, along racial and SES parameters. Increased efforts are needed to more precisely define the patient, provider, health-care system, and societal factors leading to these observed disparities and guide targeted interventions.

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Disparities in treatment and survival among elderly ovarian cancer patients.

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