Evaluate the effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and zinc oxide ointment on skin wound healing.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Abdullah BJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6297907 | biostudies-other | 2019 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundAutologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been suggested to be effective for wound healing. However, evidence for its use in patients with acute and chronic wounds remains insufficient. The aims of this study were to comprehensively examine the effectiveness, synergy and possible mechanism of PRP-mediated improvement of acute skin wound repair.MethodsFull-thickness wounds were made on the back of C57/BL6 mice. PRP or saline solution as a control was administered to the wound area. Wound healing rate, local inflammation, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and collagen deposition were measured at days 3, 5, 7 and 14 after skin injury. The biological character of epidermal stem cells (ESCs), which reflect the potential for re-epithelialization, was further evaluated in vitro and in vivo.ResultsPRP strongly improved skin wound healing, which was associated with regulation of local inflammation, enhancement of angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. PRP treatment significantly reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-17A and interleukin-1β. An increase in the local vessel intensity and enhancement of re-epithelialization were also observed in animals with PRP administration and were associated with enhanced secretion of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1. Moreover, PRP treatment ameliorated the survival and activated the migration and proliferation of primary cultured ESCs, and these effects were accompanied by the differentiation of ESCs into adult cells following the changes of CD49f and keratin 10 and keratin 14.ConclusionPRP improved skin wound healing by modulating inflammation and increasing angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism needs to be investigated in the future. Our data provide a preliminary theoretical foundation for the clinical administration of PRP in wound healing and skin regeneration.
| S-EPMC7427034 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Platelet concentrates (PCs), including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), are autologous blood-derived biomaterials containing numerous growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate the initial healing effects of PRP gel and PRF on deep corneal wounds. Thirty-three eyes from New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: group 1, lamellar keratectomy (LK); group 2, LK + commercial porcine small intestinal submucosal membrane (SIS); group 3, LK + SIS + PRP gel; and group 4, LK + SIS + PRF. Postoperative clinical and histological findings were observed for eight weeks. Group 1 showed no neovascularization during the observation period, and incompletely recovered with a thin cornea. Group 2 showed active healing through neovascularization, and a thick cornea was regenerated through the sufficient generation of myofibroblasts. Although group 3 showed a healing effect similar to that of group 2, angiogenesis and subsequent vessel regression were promoted, and corneal opacity improved more rapidly. In group 4, angiogenesis was promoted during initial healing; however, the incidence of complications, such as inflammation, was high, and myofibroblasts were hardly generated in the corneal stroma, which adversely affected remodeling. In conclusion, while PRP gel is a safe surgical material for promoting remodeling through vascular healing and myofibroblast production in deep corneal wounds, the use of PRF is not recommended.
| S-EPMC9405118 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Porous collagen-glycosaminoglycan (collagen-GAG) scaffolds have shown promising clinical results for wound healing; however, these scaffolds do not replace the dermal and epidermal layer simultaneously and rely on local endogenous signaling to direct healing. Functionalizing collagen-GAG scaffolds with signaling factors, and/or additional matrix molecules, could help overcome these challenges. An ideal candidate for this is platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as it is a natural reservoir of growth factors, can be activated to form a fibrin gel, and is available intraoperatively. We tested the factors released from PRP (PRPr) and found that at specific concentrations, PRPr enhanced cell proliferation and migration and induced angiogenesis to a greater extent than fetal bovine serum (FBS) controls. This motivated us to develop a strategy to successfully incorporate PRP homogeneously within the pores of the collagen-GAG scaffolds. The composite scaffold released key growth factors for wound healing (FGF, TGFβ) and vascularization (VEGF, PDGF) for up to 14 days. In addition, the composite scaffold had enhanced mechanical properties (when compared to PRP gel alone), while providing a continuous upper surface of extracellular matrix (ECM) for keratinocyte seeding. The levels of the factors released from the composite scaffold were sufficient to sustain proliferation of key cells involved in wound healing, including human endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes; even in the absence of FBS supplementation. In functional in vitro and in vivo vascularization assays, our composite scaffold demonstrated increased angiogenic and vascularization potential, which is known to lead to enhanced wound healing. Upon pro-inflammatory induction, macrophages released lower levels of the pro-inflammatory marker MIP-1α when treated with PRPr; and released higher levels of the anti-inflammatory marker IL1-ra upon both pro- and anti-inflammatory induction when treated with the composite scaffold. Finally, our composite scaffold supported a co-culture system of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes that resulted in an epidermal-like layer, with keratinocytes constrained to the surface of the scaffold; by contrast, keratinocytes were observed infiltrating the PRP-free scaffold. This novel composite scaffold has the potential for rapid translation to the clinic by isolating PRP from a patient intraoperatively and combining it with regulatory approved scaffolds to enhance wound repair.
| S-EPMC6915093 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Autologous therapies using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) need meticulous preparation-currently, no standardised preparation technique exists. Processing Quantitative Standards (PQSs) define manufacturing quantitative variables (such as time, volume and pressure). Processing Qualitative Standards (PQLSs) define the quality of the materials and methods of manufacturing. The aim of this review is to use existing PQSs and PQLs to report the in vivo/in vitro results obtained by using different Kits, that utilise different procedures (classified as Closed-Technique and Opened-Technique) to isolate autologous human activated (AA-PRP) or non-activated PRP (A-PRP). PQSs included the volumes of blood collected as well as the reagents used, the time/gravity of centrifugation, and the duration, temperature and tilt level/speed of centrifugation. PQLSs included the use of Calcium Chloride CaCl2, Kit weight, transparency of Kit components, the maintenance of a closed sterile processing environment and the use of a small centrifuge. Eight CE marked devices for PRP extraction were evaluated: Angel®, Biomed®, Cascade® and Selphyl®, Mag-18®, i-Stem®, MyCells® and Regenlab®. Using a Kit with the PQSs and PQLSs described in this study enables the isolation of A-PRP, thereby meeting consensus quality criteria. As our understanding of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) of A-PRP continues to evolve, especially with respect to purity and potency, adjustments to these benchmark PQSs and PQLs will hopefully help isolate A-PRP of desired CQAs with greater reproducibility, quality, and safety. Confirmatory studies will no doubt need to be completed.
| S-EPMC7014364 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to be rich in growth factors and cytokines, which are crucial to the healing process. This study investigate the effect of subcutaneous (S/C) infiltration of autologous PRP at the wound boundaries on wound epithelization and contraction. Five adult male mongrel dogs were used. Bilateral acute full thickness skin wounds (3 cm diameter) were created on the thorax symmetrically. Right side wounds were subcutaneously infiltrated with activated PRP at day 0 and then every week for three consecutive weeks. The left wound was left as control. Wound contraction and epithelization were clinically evaluated. Expression of collagen type I (COLI) A2, (COLIA2),histopathology and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of COLI α1 (COLIA1) were performed on skin biopsies at first, second and third weeks. The catalase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 (MMP-9) activity were assessed in wound fluid samples. All data were analysed statistically. The epithelization percent significantly increased in the PRP-treated wound at week 3. Collagen was well organized in the PRP-treated wounds compared with control wounds at week 3. The COLIA2 expression and intensity of COLIA1 significantly increased in PRP-treated wounds. MDA concentration was significantly decreased in PRP-treated wound at week 3. The catalase activity exhibited no difference between PRP treated and untreated wounds. The activity of MMP-9 reached its peak at the second week and was significantly high in the PRP-treated group. S/C infiltration of autologous PRP at the wound margins enhances the wound epithelization and reduces the scar tissue formation.
| S-EPMC5469334 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product that contains a high concentration of platelets and leucocytes, which are fundamental fibroblast proliferation agents. Literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about leucocytes within PRP. Herein, we elucidated the effects of highly concentrated leucocytes and platelets on human fibroblasts. METHODS:Leucocyte-rich, PRP (LR-PRP) and leucocyte-poor, platelet-poor plasma (LP-PPP) were compared to identify their effects on human fibroblasts, including cell proliferation, wound healing and extracellular matrix and adhesion molecule gene expressions. RESULTS:The LR-PRP exhibited 1422.00 ± 317.21 × 103 platelets/µL and 16.36 ± 2.08 × 103 white blood cells/µL whilst the LP-PPP demonstrated lower concentrations of 55.33 ± 10.13 × 103 platelets/µL and 0.8 ± 0.02 × 103 white blood cells/µL. LR-PRP enhanced fibroblast cell proliferation and cell migration, and demonstrated either upregulation or down-regulation gene expression profile of the extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules. CONCLUSION:LR-PRP has a continuous stimulatory anabolic and ergogenic effect on human fibroblast cells.
| S-EPMC7556022 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Wound healing remained an equation with multiple variables that experts in the medical field are trying to solve. The need to find an adjuvant that can quicken the healing process is increasing with every day, as longer wound healing times raise the risk of infections. Platelet-rich plasma is a promising tool promoting faster healing in a variety of wounds (thermal wounds, burn wounds, surgeries, etc.), as a series of studies present encouraging results in patients that received platelet-rich plasma treatment. The aim of this paper is to review and comment on the useful benefits and limitations of using platelet-rich plasma as an adjuvant strategy in wound healing, emphasizing on skin related wounds.
| S-EPMC7086061 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As a source of growth factors for expediting wound healing and tissue regeneration, plasma-rich plasma (PRP) has been extensively applied in diverse fields including orthopaedics, ophthalmology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, dentistry, and gynaecology. However, the function of PRP in metabolic regulations remains enigmatic. A standardized method was devised herein to enrich growth factors and to lyophilize it as enhanced PRP (ePRP) powder, which could become ubiquitously available without mechanical centrifugation in clinical practice. To identify metabolic reprogramming in human dermal fibroblasts under ePRP treatment, putative metabolic targets were identified by transcriptome profiling and validated for their metabolic effects and mechanism. ePRP does not only promote wound healing but re-aligns energy metabolism by shifting to glycolysis through stimulation of glycolytic enzyme activity in fibroblasts. On the contrary, oxygen consumption rates and several mitochondrial respiration activities were attenuated in ePRP-treated fibroblasts. Furthermore, ePRP treatment drives the mitochondrial resetting by hindering the mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes and results in a dampened mitochondrial mass. Antioxidant production was further increased by ePRP treatment to prevent reactive oxygen species formation. Besides, ePRP also halts the senescence progression of fibroblasts by activating SIRT1 expression. Importantly, the glycolytic inhibitor 2-DG can completely reverse the ePRP-enhanced wound healing capacity, whereas the mitochondrial inhibitor oligomycin cannot. This is the first study to utilize PRP for comprehensively investigating its effects on the metabolic reprogramming of fibroblasts. These findings indicate that PRP's primary metabolic regulation is to promote metabolic reprogramming toward glycolytic energy metabolism in fibroblasts, preserving redox equilibrium and allowing anabolic pathways necessary for the healing and anti-ageing process.
| S-EPMC8657780 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate effectiveness of the use of platelet-rich plasma as coadjuvant for union of long bones. METHODS:The search strategy included the Cochrane Library (via Central) and MEDLINE (via PubMed). There were no limits as to language or publication media. The latest search strategy was conducted in December 2011. It included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the use of platelet-rich plasma as coadjuvant medication to accelerate union of long bones (acute fractures, pseudoarthrosis and bone defects). The outcomes of interest for this review include bone regeneration, adverse events, costs, pain, and quality of life. The authors selected eligible studies, evaluated the methodological quality, and extracted the data. It was not possible to perform quantitative analysis of the grouped studies (meta-analyses). RESULTS:Two randomized prospective clinical trials were included, with a total of 148 participants. One of them compared recombinant human morphogenic bone protein-7 versus platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of pseudoarthrosis; the other evaluated the effects of three coadjuvant treatments for union of valgising tibial osteotomies (platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich plasma plus bone marrow stromal cells, and no coadjuvant treatment). Both had low statistical power and moderate to high risk of bias. CONCLUSION:There was no conclusive evidence that sustained the use of platelet-rich plasma as a coadjuvant to aid bone regeneration of fractures, pseudoarthrosis, or bone defects.
| S-EPMC4872982 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Healing of cutaneous wounds is a complex and well-coordinated process requiring cooperation among multiple cells from different lineages and delicately orchestrated signaling transduction of a diversity of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) at the wound site. Most skin wound healing in adults is imperfect, characterized by scar formation which results in significant functional and psychological sequelae. Thus, the reconstruction of the damaged skin to its original state is of concern to doctors and scientists. Beyond the traditional treatments such as corticosteroid injection and radiation therapy, several growth factors or cytokines-based anti-scarring products are being or have been tested in clinical trials to optimize skin wound healing. Unfortunately, all have been unsatisfactory to date. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that the ECM not only functions as the structural component of the tissue but also actively modulates signal transduction and regulates cellular behaviors, and thus, ECM should be considered as an alternative target for wound management pharmacotherapy. Of particular interest are small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), a group of the ECM, which exist in a wide range of connecting tissues, including the skin. This manuscript summarizes the most current knowledge of SLRPs regarding their spatial-temporal expression in the skin, as well as lessons learned from the genetically modified animal models simulating human skin pathologies. In this review, particular focus is given on the diverse roles of SLRP in skin wound healing, such as anti-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis, pro-migration, pro-contraction, and orchestrate transforming growth factor (TGF)β signal transduction, since cumulative investigations have indicated their therapeutic potential on reducing scar formation in cutaneous wounds. By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the potential application of SLRPs in cutaneous wound healing management which may pave the way for the development of a new generation of pharmaceuticals to benefit the patients suffering from skin wounds and their sequelae.
| S-EPMC6997777 | biostudies-literature