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Isolation and identification of phenolic antioxidants from Pistacia integerrima gall and their anticholine esterase activities.

ABSTRACT: The galls of Pistacia integerrima are utilized in folk medicines for the treatment of cough, asthma, dysentery, liver disorders and for snake bite. A number of biological active compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and sterols from leaf, stem, bark, galls and fruit of this plant have been isolated. A number of authors have attempted to evaluate the medicinal potentials of this plant. Owing to the numerous ethno medicinal uses Pistacia integerrima the present study was aimed to isolate bioactive phenolic compounds from this plant and evaluate its antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potentials against acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE). The ethyl acetate fraction was highly potent in scavenging the DPPH and ABTS free radicals (86.07 ± 0.92% and 83.50 ± 1.03% respectively) and inhibiting the selected enzymes (80.80 ± 2.45 and 82.56 ± 0.65 against AChE and BChE respectively). Two compounds, quercetin and pyrogallol were isolated for the first time from this plant. The isolated compounds were characterized by HPLC, FTIR and 1H-NMR. From the results it was concluded that this plant can be useful in releaving the oxidative stress and in the treatment neurological disorders.

SUBMITTER: Zahoor M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6313820 | biostudies-other | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Isolation and identification of phenolic antioxidants from Pistacia integerrima gall and their anticholine esterase activities.

Zahoor Muhammad M Zafar Roheena R Rahman Naveed Ur NU

Heliyon 20181208 12

The galls of Pistacia integerrima are utilized in folk medicines for the treatment of cough, asthma, dysentery, liver disorders and for snake bite. A number of biological active compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and sterols from leaf, stem, bark, galls and fruit of this plant have been isolated. A number of authors have attempted to evaluate the medicinal potentials of this plant. Owing to the numerous ethno medicinal uses Pistacia integerrima the present stud ...[more]

PMID: 30623127

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Project description:Antioxidants are an important component of our ability to combat free radicals-an excess of which leads to oxidative stress, which is related to aging and numerous human diseases. Oxidative damage also shortens the shelf-life of foods and other commodities. Understanding the structure-activity relationship of antioxidants and their mechanisms of action is important for designing more potent antioxidants for potential use as therapeutic agents as well as preservatives. We report the first computational study on the electronic effects of ortho-substituents in dendritic tri-phenolic antioxidants, comprising a common phenol moiety and two other phenol units with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents. Among the three proposed antioxidant mechanisms, sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) was found to be the preferred mechanism in methanol for the dendritic antioxidants based on calculations using Gaussian 16. We then computed the total enthalpy values by cumulatively running SPLET for all three rings to estimate electronic effects of substituents on overall antioxidant activity of each dendritic antioxidant and establish their structure-activity relationships. Our results show that the electron-donating o-OCH3 group has a beneficial effect while the electron-withdrawing o-NO2 group has a negative effect on the antioxidant activity of the dendritic antioxidant. The o-Br and o-Cl groups did not show any appreciable effects. These results indicate that electron-donating groups such as o-methoxy are useful for designing potent dendritic antioxidants while the nitro and halogens do not add value to the radical scavenging antioxidant activity. We also found that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) better correlate with the second step (electron transfer enthalpy, ETE) than the first step (proton affinity, PA) of the SPLET mechanism, implying that ETE is the better measure for estimating overall radical scavenging antioxidant activities.

Dataset Information

Isolation and identification of phenolic antioxidants from Pistacia integerrima gall and their anticholine esterase activities.

Publications

Isolation and identification of phenolic antioxidants from <i>Pistacia integerrima</i> gall and their anticholine esterase activities.

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