Dataset Information

Exploring the Most Visible German Websites on Melanoma Immunotherapy: A Web-Based Analysis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Patients diagnosed with melanoma frequently search the internet for treatment information, including novel and complex immunotherapy. However, health literacy is limited among half of the German population, and no assessment of websites on melanoma treatment has been performed so far. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to identify and assess the most visible websites in German language on melanoma immunotherapy. METHODS:In accordance with the common Web-based information-seeking behavior of patients with cancer, the first 20 hits on Google, Yahoo, and Bing were searched for combinations of German synonyms for "melanoma" and "immunotherapy" in July 2017. Websites that met our predefined eligibility criteria were considered for assessment. Three reviewers independently assessed their quality by using the established DISCERN tool and by checking the presence of quality certification. Usability and reliability were evaluated by the LIDA tool and understandability by the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). The Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) was calculated to estimate the readability. The ALEXA and SISTRIX tools were used to investigate the websites' popularity and visibility. The interrater agreement was determined by calculating Cronbach alpha. Subgroup differences were identified by t test, U test, or one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS:Of 480 hits, 45 single websites from 30 domains were assessed. Only 2 website domains displayed a German quality certification. The average assessment scores, mean (SD), were as follows: DISCERN, 48 (7.6); LIDA (usability), 40 (2.0); LIDA (reliability), 10 (1.6); PEMAT, 69% (16%); and FRES, 17 (14), indicating mediocre quality, good usability, and understandability but low reliability and an even very low readability of the included individual websites. SISTRIX scores ranged from 0 to 6872 and ALEXA scores ranged from 17 to 192,675, indicating heterogeneity of the visibility and popularity of German website domains providing information on melanoma immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS:Optimization of the most accessible German websites on melanoma immunotherapy is desirable. Especially, simplification of the readability of information and further adaption to reliability criteria are required to support the education of patients with melanoma and laypersons, and to enhance transparency.

SUBMITTER: Brutting J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6315239 | biostudies-other | 2018 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Exploring the Most Visible German Websites on Melanoma Immunotherapy: A Web-Based Analysis.

Brütting Julia J Steeb Theresa T Reinhardt Lydia L Berking Carola C Meier Friedegund F

JMIR cancer 20181213 2

<h4>Background</h4>Patients diagnosed with melanoma frequently search the internet for treatment information, including novel and complex immunotherapy. However, health literacy is limited among half of the German population, and no assessment of websites on melanoma treatment has been performed so far.<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of this study was to identify and assess the most visible websites in German language on melanoma immunotherapy.<h4>Methods</h4>In accordance with the common Web-based in ...[more]

PMID: 30545808

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Although the use of the Internet for health purposes has increased steadily in the last decade, only a few studies have explored the information provided by the websites of health institutions and no studies on the on-line activities of Italian hospitals have been performed to date. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of the contents and the user-orientation of Italian hospital websites. METHODS: The cross-sectional analysis considered all the Italian hospitals with a working website between December 2008 and February 2009. The websites were coded using an ad hoc Codebook, comprising eighty-nine items divided into five sections: technical characteristics, hospital information and facilities, medical services, interactive on-line services and external activities. We calculated a website evaluation score, on the basis of the items satisfied, to compare private (PrHs) and public hospitals, the latter divided into ones with their own website (PubHs-1) and ones with a section on the website of their Local Health Authority (PubHs-2). Lastly, a descriptive analysis of each item was carried out. RESULTS: Out of the 1265 hospitals in Italy, we found that 419 of the 652 public hospitals (64.3%) and 344 of the 613 PrHs (56.1%) had a working website (p = 0.01). The mean website evaluation score was 41.9 for PubHs-1, 21.2 for PubHs-2 and 30.8 for PrHs (p < 0.001).Only 5 hospitals out of 763 (< 1%) provided specific clinical performance indicators, such as the nosocomial infection rate or the surgical mortality rates. Regarding interactive on-line services, although nearly 80% of both public and private hospitals enabled users to communicate on-line, less than 18% allowed the reservation of medical services, and only 8 websites (1%) provided a health-care forum. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of hospitals did not provide an official website and the majority of the websites found had several limitations. Very few hospitals provided information to increase the credibility of the hospital and user confidence in the institution. This study suggests that Italian hospital websites are more a source of information on admissions and services than a means of communication between user and hospital.

Project description:BackgroundPhysician rating websites (PRWs) allow patients to rate, comment, and discuss physicians' quality. The ability of PRWs to influence patient decision making and health care quality is dependent, in part, on sufficient awareness and usage of PRWs. However, previous studies have found relatively low levels of awareness and usage of PRWs, which has raised concerns about the representativeness and validity of information on PRWs.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to examine (1) participants' awareness, use, and contribution of ratings on PRWs and how this compares with other rating websites; (2) factors that predict awareness, use, and contribution of ratings on PRWs; and (3) participants' attitudes toward PRWs in relation to selecting a physician.MethodsA mailed cross-sectional survey was sent to a random sample (N=1542) from four North German cities (Nordhorn, Hildesheim, Bremen, and Hamburg) between April and July 2016. Survey questions explored respondents' awareness, use, and contribution of ratings on rating websites for service (physicians, hospitals, and hotels and restaurants) and products (media and technical) in general and the role of PRWs when searching for a new physician.ResultsA total of 280 completed surveys were returned (280/1542, 18.16% response rate), with the following findings: (1) Overall, 72.5% (200/276) of respondents were aware of PRWs. Of the respondents who were aware of PRWs, 43.6% (86/197) had used PRWs. Of the respondents who had used PRWs, 23% (19/83) had rated physicians at least once. Awareness, use, and contribution of ratings on PRWs were significantly lower in comparison with all other rating websites, except for hospital rating websites. (2) Except for the impact of responders' gender and marital status on the awareness of PRWs and responders' age on the use of PRWs, no other predictors had a relevant impact. (3) Whereas 31.8% (85/267) of the respondents reported that PRWs were a very important or somewhat important information source when searching for a new physician, respondents significantly more often reported that family, friends and colleagues (259/277, 93.5%), other physicians (219/274, 79.9%), and practice websites (108/266, 40.6%) were important information sources.ConclusionsWhereas awareness of German PRWs appears to have substantially increased, the use of PRWs and contribution of ratings remains relatively low. Further research is needed to examine the reasons why only a few patients are rating physicians. However, given the information inequality between provider and consumer will always be higher for consumers using the services of physicians, it is possible that people will always rely more on interpersonal recommendations than impersonal public information before selecting a physician.

Project description:BackgroundThe internet has become an increasingly important resource for health information. However, with a growing amount of web pages, it is nearly impossible for humans to manually keep track of evolving and continuously changing content in the health domain. To better understand the nature of all web-based health information as given in a specific language, it is important to identify (1) information hubs for the health domain, (2) content providers of high prestige, and (3) important topics and trends in the health-related web. In this context, an automatic web crawling approach can provide the necessary data for a computational and statistical analysis to answer (1) to (3).ObjectiveThis study demonstrates the suitability of a focused crawler for the acquisition of the German Health Web (GHW) which includes all health-related web content of the three mostly German speaking countries Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Based on the gathered data, we provide a preliminary analysis of the GHW's graph structure covering its size, most important content providers and a ratio of public to private stakeholders. In addition, we provide our experiences in building and operating such a highly scalable crawler.MethodsA support vector machine classifier was trained on a large data set acquired from various German content providers to distinguish between health-related and non-health-related web pages. The classifier was evaluated using accuracy, recall and precision on an 80/20 training/test split (TD1) and against a crowd-validated data set (TD2). To implement the crawler, we extended the open-source framework StormCrawler. The actual crawl was conducted for 227 days. The crawler was evaluated by using harvest rate and its recall was estimated using a seed-target approach.ResultsIn total, n=22,405 seed URLs with country-code top level domains .de: 85.36% (19,126/22,405), .at: 6.83% (1530/22,405), .ch: 7.81% (1749/22,405), were collected from Curlie and a previous crawl. The text classifier achieved an accuracy on TD1 of 0.937 (TD2=0.966), a precision on TD1 of 0.934 (TD2=0.954) and a recall on TD1 of 0.944 (TD2=0.989). The crawl yields 13.5 million presumably relevant and 119.5 million nonrelevant web pages. The average harvest rate was 19.76%; recall was 0.821 (4105/5000 targets found). The resulting host-aggregated graph contains 215,372 nodes and 403,175 edges (network diameter=25; average path length=6.466; average degree=1.872; average in-degree=1.892; average out-degree=1.845; modularity=0.723). Among the 25 top-ranked pages for each country (according to PageRank), 40% (30/75) were web sites published by public institutions. 25% (19/75) were published by nonprofit organizations and 35% (26/75) by private organizations or individuals.ConclusionsThe results indicate, that the presented crawler is a suitable method for acquiring a large fraction of the GHW. As desired, the computed statistical data allows for determining major information hubs and important content providers on the GHW. In the future, the acquired data may be used to assess important topics and trends but also to build health-specific search engines.

Dataset Information

Exploring the Most Visible German Websites on Melanoma Immunotherapy: A Web-Based Analysis.

Publications

Exploring the Most Visible German Websites on Melanoma Immunotherapy: A Web-Based Analysis.

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