Dataset Information

Used-car market dataset for Latvia 2018.

ABSTRACT: Used-car market monitoring was started in 2018, 03 January, when Federal Administrative Court in Leipzig (Germany) allowed cities and communes in Germany to impose bans for diesel cars in order to reduce the level of nitric oxide in the air. This decision can radically change used-car market in the EU, because Germany massive exports used cars to Eastern Europe. The database shows the influence of the Germany Court decision to the used-car market in Latvia, as part of the EU market. The database represents the used-car market monitoring in Latvia during 2018. In Latvia 20-22th. used-car are offered for sale each month. The database reflects the observation dynamics of 12 months. In the observations there are included main used-car characteristics such as price, first registration date, motor cubic capacity, motor type, gearbox type, mileage, color, producer (brand), model, body types, (following) technical inspection data, set (features) of cars and so on.

SUBMITTER: Skribans V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6362865 | biostudies-other | 2019 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Used-car market dataset for Latvia 2018.

Skribans Valerijs V

Data in brief 20181228

Used-car market monitoring was started in 2018, 03 January, when Federal Administrative Court in Leipzig (Germany) allowed cities and communes in Germany to impose bans for diesel cars in order to reduce the level of nitric oxide in the air. This decision can radically change used-car market in the EU, because Germany massive exports used cars to Eastern Europe. The database shows the influence of the Germany Court decision to the used-car market in Latvia, as part of the EU market. The database ...[more]

PMID: 30766904

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Project description:ImportanceBoth the commercial sector and academia play a vital role in medicine development. Ongoing debates exist on their contribution and the value of medicinal products entering the market.ObjectiveTo identify the provenance and clinical benefit of medicines that entered the French market between 2008 and 2018.Design and settingIn this cross-sectional study, the provenance of each medicine in the French market was established via a review of multiple sources documenting at least 2 matching findings per product. The clinical benefit was assigned using the matched scale developed from the Prescrire and Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) gradings. The χ2 test was used to analyze the proportions and frequencies of medicines graded by Prescrire and HAS by origin, therapeutic category, and clinical benefit.Main outcomes and measuresThe origins and therapeutic categories of medicines. Clinical benefit based on Prescrire and HAS grading. Concordance of Prescrire and HAS grading.ResultsOf the 632 medicines that entered the French market between 2008 and 2018, 464 originated (73%) in the commercial sector, and 168 originated (27%) in the academic setting or in collaboration with commercial enterprises. Prescrire graded psychotropic agents (13/14 [93%]), whereas HAS graded respiratory agents (24/25 [96%]) as the highest percentage of medicines that provided no added benefit. Prescrire graded 360 medicines (77.6%) that originated in the industry and 108 medicines (64.3%) that originated in the academic setting (P = .001) to have no added clinical benefit. HAS assigned such grading to 331 ([71.3%] industry) vs 104 ([61.9%] academia) (P = .02). Based on the Prescrire grading, academia invented more medicines delivering some added benefit 57 (33.9%) vs 98 (21.1%) invented by industry (P = .001). HAS grading on some added benefit 51 ([30.4%] academia) vs 121 ([26.1%] industry) did not reach statistical significance (P = .29). However, HAS grading on substantial added clinical benefit reached statistical significance in favor of academia (13 [7.7%] vs 12 [2.6%] in the industry; P = .003), whereas Prescrire grading did not (1.8% academia vs 1.3% industry; P = .64).Conclusions and relevanceMore than 70% of medicines that entered the French market during the 10-year period originated in the commercial sector. Although most medicines were not graded as providing clinical benefit, medicines originating in the academic setting were more likely to be graded as conferring clinical benefit than those originating in the commercial setting.

Project description:Importance:The mean cost of developing a new drug has been the subject of debate, with recent estimates ranging from $314 million to $2.8 billion. Objective:To estimate the research and development investment required to bring a new therapeutic agent to market, using publicly available data. Design and Setting:Data were analyzed on new therapeutic agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2009 and 2018 to estimate the research and development expenditure required to bring a new medicine to market. Data were accessed from the US Securities and Exchange Commission, Drugs@FDA database, and ClinicalTrials.gov, alongside published data on clinical trial success rates. Exposures:Conduct of preclinical and clinical studies of new therapeutic agents. Main Outcomes and Measures:Median and mean research and development spending on new therapeutic agents approved by the FDA, capitalized at a real cost of capital rate (the required rate of return for an investor) of 10.5% per year, with bootstrapped CIs. All amounts were reported in 2018 US dollars. Results:The FDA approved 355 new drugs and biologics over the study period. Research and development expenditures were available for 63 (18%) products, developed by 47 different companies. After accounting for the costs of failed trials, the median capitalized research and development investment to bring a new drug to market was estimated at $985.3 million (95% CI, $683.6 million-$1228.9 million), and the mean investment was estimated at $1335.9 million (95% CI, $1042.5 million-$1637.5 million) in the base case analysis. Median estimates by therapeutic area (for areas with ?5 drugs) ranged from $765.9 million (95% CI, $323.0 million-$1473.5 million) for nervous system agents to $2771.6 million (95% CI, $2051.8 million-$5366.2 million) for antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents. Data were mainly accessible for smaller firms, orphan drugs, products in certain therapeutic areas, first-in-class drugs, therapeutic agents that received accelerated approval, and products approved between 2014 and 2018. Results varied in sensitivity analyses using different estimates of clinical trial success rates, preclinical expenditures, and cost of capital. Conclusions and Relevance:This study provides an estimate of research and development costs for new therapeutic agents based on publicly available data. Differences from previous studies may reflect the spectrum of products analyzed, the restricted availability of data in the public domain, and differences in underlying assumptions in the cost calculations.

Dataset Information

Used-car market dataset for Latvia 2018.

Publications

Used-car market dataset for Latvia 2018.

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