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Health outcomes related to the provision of free, tangible goods: A systematic review.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Free provision of tangible goods that may improve health is one approach to addressing discrepancies in health outcomes related to income, yet it is unclear whether providing goods for free improves health. We systematically reviewed the literature that reported the association between the free provision of tangible goods and health outcomes. METHODS:A search was performed for relevant literature in all languages from 1995-May 2017. Eligible studies were observational and experimental which had at least one tangible item provided for free and had at least one quantitative measure of health. Studies were excluded if the intervention was primarily a service and the free good was relatively unimportant; if the good was a medication; or if the data in a study was duplicated in another study. Covidence screening software was used to manage articles for two levels of screening. Data was extracted using an adaption of the Cochrane data collection template. Health outcomes, those that affect the quality or duration of life, are the outcomes of interest. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017069463). FINDINGS:The initial search identified 3370 articles and 59 were included in the final set with a range of 20 to 252 246 participants. The risk of bias assessment revealed that overall, the studies were of medium to high quality. Among the studies included in this review, 80 health outcomes were statistically significant favouring the intervention, 19 health outcomes were statistically significant favouring the control, 141 health outcomes were not significant and significance was unknown for 28 health outcomes. INTERPRETATION:The results of this systematic review provide evidence that free goods can improve health outcomes in certain circumstances, although there were important gaps and limitations in the existing literature.

SUBMITTER: Persaud N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6426236 | biostudies-other | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Health outcomes related to the provision of free, tangible goods: A systematic review.

Persaud Nav N Steiner Liane L Woods Hannah H Aratangy Tatiana T Wanigaratne Susitha S Polsky Jane J Hwang Stephen S Chahal Gurleen G Pinto Andrew A

PloS one 20190320 3

<h4>Background</h4>Free provision of tangible goods that may improve health is one approach to addressing discrepancies in health outcomes related to income, yet it is unclear whether providing goods for free improves health. We systematically reviewed the literature that reported the association between the free provision of tangible goods and health outcomes.<h4>Methods</h4>A search was performed for relevant literature in all languages from 1995-May 2017. Eligible studies were observational a ...[more]

PMID: 30893372

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Project description:ContextVideo games represent a multibillion-dollar industry in the U.S. Although video gaming has been associated with many negative health consequences, it also may be useful for therapeutic purposes. The goal of this study was to determine whether video games may be useful in improving health outcomes.Evidence acquisitionLiterature searches were performed in February 2010 in six databases: the Center on Media and Child Health Database of Research, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Reference lists were hand-searched to identify additional studies. Only RCTs that tested the effect of video games on a positive, clinically relevant health consequence were included. Study selection criteria were strictly defined and applied by two researchers working independently. Study background information (e.g., location, funding source); sample data (e.g., number of study participants, demographics); intervention and control details; outcomes data; and quality measures were abstracted independently by two researchers.Evidence synthesisOf 1452 articles retrieved using the current search strategy, 38 met all criteria for inclusion. Eligible studies used video games to provide physical therapy, psychological therapy, improved disease self-management, health education, distraction from discomfort, increased physical activity, and skills training for clinicians. Among the 38 studies, a total of 195 health outcomes were examined. Video games improved 69% of psychological therapy outcomes, 59% of physical therapy outcomes, 50% of physical activity outcomes, 46% of clinician skills outcomes, 42% of health education outcomes, 42% of pain distraction outcomes, and 37% of disease self-management outcomes. Study quality was generally poor; for example, two thirds (66%) of studies had follow-up periods of <12 weeks, and only 11% of studies blinded researchers.ConclusionsThere is potential promise for video games to improve health outcomes, particularly in the areas of psychological therapy and physical therapy. RCTs with appropriate rigor will help build evidence in this emerging area.

Project description:A better understanding of COVID-19 in people with primary immunodeficiency (PI), rare inherited defects in the immune system, is important for protecting this population, especially as population-wide approaches to mitigation change. COVID-19 outcomes in the PI population could have broader public health implications because some people with PI might be more likely to have extended illnesses, which could lead to increased transmission and emergence of variants. We performed a systematic review on COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality in people with PI. Of the 1114 articles identified through the literature search, we included 68 articles in the review after removing 1046 articles because they were duplicates, did not involve COVID-19, did not involve PI, were not in English, were commentaries, were gene association or gene discovery studies, or could not be accessed. The 68 articles included outcomes for 459 people with PI and COVID-19. Using data from these 459 people, we calculated a case fatality rate of 9%, hospitalization rate of 49%, and oxygen supplementation rate of 29%. Studies have indicated that a number of people with PI showed at least some immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, with responses varying by type of PI and other factors, although vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization was lower in the PI population than in the general population. In addition to being up-to-date on vaccinations, current strategies for optimizing protection for people with PI can include pre-exposure prophylaxis for those eligible and use of therapeutics. Overall, people with PI, when infected, tested positive and showed symptoms for similar lengths of time as the general population. However, a number of people with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) or other B-cell pathway defects were reported to have prolonged infections, measured by time from first positive SARS-CoV-2 test to first negative test. As prolonged infections might increase the likelihood of genetic variants emerging, SARS-CoV2 isolates from people with PI and extended illness would be good candidates to prioritize for whole genome sequencing.

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Health outcomes related to the provision of free, tangible goods: A systematic review.

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Health outcomes related to the provision of free, tangible goods: A systematic review.

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