Dataset Information

Association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and platelet indices among school-aged children in central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Previous clinical studies in adults from developed countries have implicated Helicobacter pylori infections in the development of thrombocytopenia. However, studies in children, particularly those from low-income countries, are unusually scarce. We examined the association between H. pylori infection and platelet indices in young Ethiopian school children. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study SETTING: This study was conducted in five elementary schools located in central Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS:Blood and stool samples were collected from 971 children across five elementary schools in Ethiopia. H. pylori infection was diagnosed using stool antigen and serum antibody tests, and haematological parameters were measured using an automated haematological analyser. An interviewer-led questionnaire administered to mothers provided information on demographic and lifestyle variables. The independent effects of H. pylori infection on platelet indices were determined using multivariate linear and logistic regressions. STUDY OUTCOMES:H. pylori-infected children had a lower average platelet count and mean platelet volume than uninfected after adjusting the potential confounders (adjusted mean difference: -20.80×109/L; 95% CI -33.51 to -8.09×109, p=0.001 and adjusted mean difference: -0.236 fL; 95% CI -0.408 to -0.065, p=0.007, respectively). Additionally, H. pylori-infected children had lower red blood cell counts (adjusted mean difference: -0.118×1012/L; 95% CI -0.200 to -0.036, p=0.005) compared with non-infected. CONCLUSION:Our study from a developing country provides further support for an association between H. pylori infections and reduced platelet indices in young Ethiopian school children, after controlling for potential confounders. Further research is needed, particularly longitudinal studies, to establish causality.

SUBMITTER: Baxendell K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6500313 | biostudies-other | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Association between infection with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and platelet indices among school-aged children in central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Baxendell Kellyann K Walelign Sosina S Tesfaye Mehret M Wordofa Moges M Abera Dessie D Mesfin Abiyot A Wolde Mistire M Desta Kassu K Tsegaye Aster A Taye Bineyam B

BMJ open 20190408 4

<h4>Objective</h4>Previous clinical studies in adults from developed countries have implicated <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infections in the development of thrombocytopenia. However, studies in children, particularly those from low-income countries, are unusually scarce. We examined the association between <i>H. pylori</i> infection and platelet indices in young Ethiopian school children.<h4>Design</h4>Cross-sectional study SETTING: This study was conducted in five elementary schools located in c ...[more]

PMID: 30962240

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Project description:BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive status disclosure is an essential component of Pediatric care and long term disease management. Children have a right to know their HIV diagnosis result. However, Pediatric HIV disclosure is complex and varies in different communities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV-positive status disclosure to infected children and associated factors among caregivers of infected children.MethodologyA facility based mixed methods research design study was conducted in Bale Zone of South East Ethiopia. Randomly selected caregivers of HIV-positive children were interviewed using structured questionnaires for quantitative study and 17 in-depth interviews of health care workers and caregivers were conducted for qualitative data. Content analysis was done for qualitative data and logistic regression analysis was used to see the association between different variables and HIV-positive disclosure status. Odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to determine the presence and strength of the associated factors.ResultsA total of 200 caregivers of school aged (6-14 years) children participated in the study. Only 57 (28.5%) of the care givers disclosed HIV-positive status to the child for whom they were caring. The main reason for disclosure delay was due to fear of negative consequences, perception on maturity of the child, and fear of social rejection and stigma. Having social support [AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: (1.1-6.4)], caring for a child between 10 and 14 years with HIV [AOR = 6.5, 95% CI: (2.1-20.2)], a child diagnosed with HIV at age > 5 years [AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: (1.1-7.1)], and children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with follow-up for > 5 years [AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: (1.8-11.2)] had significant association with HIV- positive status disclosure to infected children.ConclusionThe frequency of HIV infection disclosure to infected children was very low in our cohort. Having social support, having an older child with HIV, a long period of ART follow-up and HIV diagnosis after age of five years were positively associated with HIV-positive status disclosure to infected children. Giving age appropriate counselling to children, social support to the caregivers and working on related factors are very important to improve the observed low disclosure status.

Project description:BackgroundSoil-transmitted helminths (STH) remain a major public health problem, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Though infections are prevalent among all age groups, the world health organization (WHO) considers Pre-school age children (PSAC), school-aged children, and pregnant women as segments of population at high risk of STH morbidities.ObjectiveThis study aimed at determining the prevalence and infection intensity of STH and associated factors among PSAC in Butajira Town, south-central Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June, 2014 in Butajira Town. The PSAC were selected by systematic sampling technique and invited to participate in the present study. McMaster technique was employed for parasitological analysis of stool samples. Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed where appropriate to identify any association between STH infection and independent factors. Multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to identify independent predictors of STH among the PSAC. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 377 (with 96% compliance rate) PSAC were able to provide complete data (socio-demographic information and stool sample). The study showed that 23.3% (88/377) PSAC were infected with one or more species of STH. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent STH (14.9%) followed by Trichuris trichiura (6.4%). The overall infection intensity, expressed as geometric mean for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworms were 229, 178, and 154 eggs per gram of stool, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model estimated that being in the age group of 36-47 months (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2-5.3, P = 0.016), untrimmed finger nail (AOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.8-5.5, P < 0.001), and not washing hands before a meal (AOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7-5.4, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of STH infections among the children.ConclusionThe present study showed that STH was a public health problem among PSAC in the study area necessitating annual deworming to control morbidities associated with STH. Besides, the existing health education program should also be strengthened to prevent re-infection.

Project description:Background Scabies is a major global public health issue that might affect people from all socioeconomic levels. Globally, scabies affects more than 200 million people at any time. It remains one of the commonest skin diseases seen in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of scabies among school-age children in Central Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2020. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 850 study populations. Data was checked for its completeness, coded, and entered by using EPI-INFO version 7 and exported to the SPSS version 20 for analysis. A Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the determinants of scabies. Crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI were used as measurements for the associations. P-values <0.005 were considered significant. Result Prevalence of scabies among the 850 participants studied was 10.82% (95% CI: 8.7–12.9). Contact history with confirmed scabies patient (AOR = 5.28,95% CI: 2.96–9.44), child not attending school (AOR = 3.08, 95% CI;1.45–6.54), rarely changing clothes (AOR = 2.43,95% CI: 1.27–4.62), sleeping on the floor (AOR = 4.11, 95% CI:1.95–8.67), bed sharing; (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI:2.86–6.15), rarely washing cloth: (AOR = 5.08,95% CI:2.75–9.36), living with internally displaced people; (AOR,95% CI: 3.47 (1.30–9.24) and using only water to wash hands; (AOR = 3.18,95% CI:1.74–5.80) had a statistically significant association with scabies infestation among school-age children. Conclusion The current study found nearly one out of ten school-age children had scabies. Not attended school, contact history with confirmed scabies patient, not washing cloth, infrequent changing clothes, bedding sharing, sleeping on the floor, living with internally displaced people, and only using water for handwashing practice were the independent predictors for the occurrence of scabies. Health education better to given to the parents or caregivers about the washing of clothing, changing clothes at least once per week, and avoid physical contact with known scabies cases.

Dataset Information

Association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and platelet indices among school-aged children in central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Publications

Association between infection with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and platelet indices among school-aged children in central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

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