Dataset Information

Moisture Effect on Particulate Matter Filtration Performance using Electro-Spun Nanofibers including Density Functional Theory Analysis.

ABSTRACT: In this study, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the effect of moisture on the performance of three types of nanofiber (NF)-based air-filter media prepared by electrospinning polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Based on the DFT calculations of the intermolecular interactions between the NF-based filter media and water molecules, the PAN-NF filter is expected to exhibit the best performance in the wet state. Experiment studies also successfully demonstrate that the PAN-NF filter medium has better performance in the filtration of particulate matter (PM) than a commercial semi-high efficiency particulate air filter under wet conditions, and these results are in good agreement with the DFT calculation. The PAN-NF filter shows better performance because of its hydrophilic nature and the relatively low thickness the filter medium that allowed fast recovery of its PM-filtration performance.

SUBMITTER: Kim HJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6504878 | biostudies-other | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Moisture Effect on Particulate Matter Filtration Performance using Electro-Spun Nanofibers including Density Functional Theory Analysis.

Kim Han-Jung HJ Park Seon Joo SJ Kim Dong-Ik DI Lee Sanghyuck S Kwon Oh Seok OS Kim Il Ku IK

Scientific reports 20190507 1

In this study, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the effect of moisture on the performance of three types of nanofiber (NF)-based air-filter media prepared by electrospinning polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Based on the DFT calculations of the intermolecular interactions between the NF-based filter media and water molecules, the PAN-NF filter is expected to exhibit the best performance in the wet state. Experiment studies ...[more]

PMID: 31064997

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Project description:Background and objectivesExposure to particulate matter (PM) <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been linked to detrimental health effects. This study aimed to describe the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and kidney disease, including eGFR, level of albuminuria, and incident CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThe study included 10,997 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort who were followed from 1996-1998 through 2016. Monthly mean PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) were estimated at geocoded participant addresses using geographic information system-based, spatiotemporal generalized additive mixed models-including geospatial covariates such as land use-and then averaged over the 12-month period preceding participant examination. Covariate-adjusted, cross-sectional associations of PM2.5, baseline eGFR, and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) were estimated using linear regression. PM2.5 and incident CKD (defined as follow-up eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 with ≥25% eGFR decline relative to baseline, CKD-related hospitalization or death based on International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes, or development of ESKD) associations were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Modeling was stratified by study site, and stratum-specific estimates were combined using random-effects meta-analyses.ResultsBaseline mean participant age was 63 (±6) years and eGFR was 86 (±16) ml/min per 1.73 m2. There was no significant PM2.5-eGFR association at baseline. Each 1-μg/m3 higher annual average PM2.5 was associated with higher UACR after adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, and clinical covariates (percentage difference, 6.6%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.6% to 10.7%). Each 1-μg/m3 higher annual average PM2.5 was associated with a significantly higher risk of incident CKD (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.10).ConclusionsExposure to higher annual average PM2.5 concentrations was associated with a higher level of albuminuria and higher risk for incident CKD in a community-based cohort.

Project description:ImportanceFine particles (particulate matter 2.5 μm [PM2.5]), a ubiquitous air pollutant, can deposit in the small airways that play a vital role in asthma. It appears to be unknown whether the use of a PM2.5 filtration device can improve small airway physiology and respiratory inflammation in children with asthma.ObjectiveTo discover what pathophysiological changes in the small airways are associated with using a PM2.5-removing device in the bedrooms of children with asthma.Design, setting, and participantsChildren with mild or moderate asthma were enrolled in this double-blind, crossover study. The participants used a true filtration device and a sham filtration device in their bedrooms in a random order for 2 weeks each with a 2-week washout interval. The study was conducted in a suburb of Shanghai, China, during a low-ozone season.ExposuresOzone and PM2.5 were measured inside bedrooms and outside a window.Main outcomes and measuresImpulse oscillometry, spirometry, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were measured at the beginning and the end of each intervention. Peak expiratory flow was measured twice daily at home.ResultsForty-three children (5-13 years old; 26 boys [60%]) participated. Outdoor 24-hour mean PM2.5 concentrations were moderately high, ranging from 28.6 to 69.8 μg/m3 (median, 53 μg/m3). During true filtration, bedroom PM2.5 concentrations were a mean (SD) of 63.4% (35.9%) lower than during sham filtration. Compared with sham filtration, true filtration was significantly associated with improved airway mechanics, reflected in a 24.4% (95% CI, 11.8%-37.1%) reduction in total airway resistance, a 43.5% (95% CI, 13.7%-73.3%) reduction in small airway resistance, a 22.2% (95% CI, 2.2%-42.2%) reduction in resonant frequency, and a 73.1% (95% CI, 0.3%-145.8%) increase in airway reactance. True filtration was also associated with significant improvements in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (a 27.6% [95% CI, 8.9%-42.4%] reduction) and peak expiratory flow (a 1.6% [95% CI, 0.8%-2.5%] increase). These improvements were significantly associated with bedroom PM2.5 reduction. Improvements in small airway function were nonsignificant (8.4% [95% CI, -1.4% to 18.3%]) in all participants but significant (13.2% [95% CI, 1.2%-25.1%]) in participants without eosinophilic airway inflammation at baseline. No improvements were observed for forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume during the first second, and the ratio of these in all participants or subgroups.Conclusions and relevancePer these results, indoor PM2.5 filtration can be a practical method to improve air flow in an asthmatic lung through improved airway mechanics and function as well as reduced inflammation. This warrants a clinical trial to confirm.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03282864.

Dataset Information

Moisture Effect on Particulate Matter Filtration Performance using Electro-Spun Nanofibers including Density Functional Theory Analysis.

Publications

Moisture Effect on Particulate Matter Filtration Performance using Electro-Spun Nanofibers including Density Functional Theory Analysis.

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