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Health and socioeconomic circumstances over three generations as predictors of youth unemployment trajectories.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Youth unemployment is a critical life event, which may trigger other labour market-related disadvantages and detrimental health implications. To better understand the processes causing unemployment, we study how socioeconomic circumstances of successive generations and familial and health factors in adolescence predict youth unemployment trajectories between ages 16 and 28 in Finland from 2000 to 2009. METHODS:We used survey data from 1979 to 1997 on 12- to 18-year-old Finns (n = 43 238) linked with 1970-2009 registry-based data of their grandparents, parents and themselves. Growth mixture modelling and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS:Three latent youth unemployment trajectories emerged; low (46%), decreasing (38%) and high (16%) risk groups. Of adolescent factors, low school achievement was the most important predictor of youth unemployment followed by smoking, stress symptoms and poor self-rated health. Grandparents' education predicted their grandchildren's unemployment but the effects of other grandparental socioeconomic circumstances mediated through parents' socioeconomic status (SES). Parents' low SES and education, and long-term unemployment increased the risk of the child's unemployment. Youth unemployment was related to low education at the age of 29. CONCLUSION:Grandparents' education, family socioeconomic circumstances and adolescents' health and school achievement predict the developmental trajectory of youth unemployment. Youth unemployment is also related to low education in early adulthood. Our findings suggest that the health selection of unemployment works already in adolescence.

SUBMITTER: Doku DT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6532830 | biostudies-other | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Health and socioeconomic circumstances over three generations as predictors of youth unemployment trajectories.

Doku David Teye DT Acacio-Claro Paulyn Jean PJ Koivusilta Leena L Rimpelä Arja A

European journal of public health 20190601 3

<h4>Background</h4>Youth unemployment is a critical life event, which may trigger other labour market-related disadvantages and detrimental health implications. To better understand the processes causing unemployment, we study how socioeconomic circumstances of successive generations and familial and health factors in adolescence predict youth unemployment trajectories between ages 16 and 28 in Finland from 2000 to 2009.<h4>Methods</h4>We used survey data from 1979 to 1997 on 12- to 18-year-old ...[more]

PMID: 30476022

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Project description:PurposeObjectives of this longitudinal study were to examine 3-year trajectories of global perceived quality of life (QOL) for youth with chronic health conditions, as obtained from youth and parent reports, and to identify personal and environmental factors associated with the trajectory groups for each perspective.MethodsYouth with various chronic conditions aged 11-17 years and one of their parents were recruited from eight children's treatment centers. Latent class growth analysis was used to investigate perceived QOL trajectories (separately for youth and parent perspectives) over a 3-year period (four data collection time points spaced 12 months apart). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with these trajectories.ResultsA total of 439 youth and one of their parents participated at baseline, and 302 (69 %) of those youth/parent dyads completed all four data collection time points. Two QOL trajectories were identified for the youth analysis: 'high and stable' (85.7 %) and 'moderate/low and stable' (14.3 %), while three trajectories were found for the parent analysis: 'high and stable' (35.7 %), 'moderate and stable' (46.6 %), and 'moderate/low and stable' (17.7 %). Relative to the 'high and stable' groups, youth with more reported pain/other physical symptoms, emotional symptoms, and home/community barriers were more likely to be in the 'moderate and stable' or 'moderate/low and stable' groups. Also, youth with higher reported self-determination, spirituality, family social support, family functioning, school productivity/engagement, and school belongingness/safety were less likely to be in the 'moderate and stable' or 'moderate/low and stable' groups, compared to the 'high and stable' groups.ConclusionFindings suggest that youth with chronic conditions experience stable global perceived QOL across time, but that some individuals maintain stability at moderate to moderate/low levels which is related to ongoing personal and environmental influences. Potential benefits of universal strategies and programs to safeguard resilience for all youth and targeted interventions to optimize certain youths' global perceived QOL are indicated.

Project description:BackgroundAdolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years are disproportionately affected by unnatural deaths, including accidents, suicide and interpersonal violence for which alcohol is a leading risk factor. We aimed to explore the extent of and circumstances surrounding alcohol-related deaths in young people aged 15-24 years and whether socioeconomic background and ethnicity differ in those who died due to alcohol-related causes as compared to the background population.MethodsAll deaths of 15-24-year-olds occurring in Denmark from 2010 to 2019 were investigated. We manually reviewed death certificates containing information on circumstances, results from autopsies and blood tests, and statements from witnesses. Relevant information published in the media (most often newspaper articles) was included. Our main outcome measures were alcohol-related death and manner of death (accidents (transport accidents, drownings, falls, poisonings), suicide and violence). Further, we designed a population-based case-control study including 10 age- and sex-matched controls per case to test whether there was a socioeconomic gradient in alcohol-related deaths. We used parents' educational level and employment status to define socioeconomic position. Immigration status was used to assess ethnicity.FindingsOver the 10-year period, 1783 deaths occurred among 15-24-year-olds. Of those, 1067 (60%) were due to unnatural causes, corresponding to a mortality rate of 14.8 (95% confidence interval: 13.9-15.7) per 100,000. Twelve percent of unnatural deaths (n = 125) were alcohol related, corresponding to a rate of 1.7 (1.4-2.0) per 100,000, and were higher in males (2.9 [2.3-3.4]) than in females (0.6 [0.3-0.8]); thus, males accounted for 105 (84%) of alcohol-related deaths. The majority of alcohol-related deaths occurred on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays (n = 77, 62%). Accidents accounted for 82% (n = 102) of alcohol-related deaths, followed by suicide (n = 19, 15%) and interpersonal violence (n = 4, 3%). Of all fatal accidents, 102 of 636 (16%) were alcohol related. Of all deaths caused by drownings and falls, 14 of 26 (54%) and 10 of 25 (40%), respectively, were alcohol related. Alcohol-related drownings most often occurred while the deceased was alone, whereas alcohol-related falls most often occurred in relation to parties, involving falls from a window or balcony. Those who died from alcohol-related causes more often had parents with a short education or who were unemployed, as compared to the general population. For example, odds ratios were 3.9 (2.2-7.0) and 1.8 (1.2-2.9) for having parents with short and medium as compared to long educations. The odds ratio for being of Danish origin was 4.0 (1.7-9.5) compared to being first- or second-generation immigrants.InterpretationIn 15-24-year-olds, alcohol-related deaths accounted for a substantial proportion of all unnatural deaths. There was substantial socioeconomic inequality in alcohol-related deaths, as has repeatedly been shown for chronic alcohol-related mortality in older adults.FundingTrygfonden.

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Health and socioeconomic circumstances over three generations as predictors of youth unemployment trajectories.

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Health and socioeconomic circumstances over three generations as predictors of youth unemployment trajectories.

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