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Admission blood glucose as a predictor of shock and mortality in multiply injured patients.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Reliable diagnosis of shock in multiply injured patients is still challenging in emergency care. Point-of-care tests could have the potential to improve shock diagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of admission blood glucose on predicting shock in multiply injured patients. METHODS:A retrospective cohort analysis of patients with an injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 16 who were treated in a level I trauma center from 01/2005 to 12/2014 was performed. Shock was defined by systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg and/or shock index ≥ 0.9 at admission. Laboratory shock parameters including glucose were measured simultaneously. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS:Seven hundred and seventy-two patients were analyzed of whom 93 patients (12.0%) died. Two hundred and fifty-nine patients (33.5%) were in shock at admission. Mortality was increased if shock was present at admission (18.1% vs. 9.0%, p < 0.001). Mean glucose was 9.6 ± 4.0 mmol/L if shock was present compared to 8.0 ± 3.0 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Admission glucose positively correlated with shock (Spearman rho = 0.2, p < 0.001). Glucose showed an AUC of 0.62 (95% CI [0.58-0.66], p < 0.001) with an optimal cut off value of 11.5 mmol/L. Patients with admission glucose of > 11.5 mmol/L had a 2.2-fold risk of shock (95% CI [1.4-3.4], p = 0.001). Admission blood glucose of > 11.5 mmol/L positively correlated with mortality too (Spearman rho = 0.65, p < 0.001). Patients had a 2.5-fold risk of dying (95% CI [1.3-4.8], p = 0.004). DISCUSSION:Admission blood glucose was proven as an independent indicator of shock and mortality and, therefore, might help to identify multiply injured patients at particular risk.

SUBMITTER: Winkelmann M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6538364 | biostudies-other | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Admission blood glucose as a predictor of shock and mortality in multiply injured patients.

Winkelmann Marcel M Butz Ada Luise AL Clausen Jan-Dierk JD Blossey Richard David RD Zeckey Christian C Weber-Spickschen Sanjay S Mommsen Philipp P

SICOT-J 20190528

<h4>Introduction</h4>Reliable diagnosis of shock in multiply injured patients is still challenging in emergency care. Point-of-care tests could have the potential to improve shock diagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of admission blood glucose on predicting shock in multiply injured patients.<h4>Methods</h4>A retrospective cohort analysis of patients with an injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 16 who were treated in a level I trauma center from 01/2005 to 12/2014 was performed. ...[more]

PMID: 31134892

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Project description:ObjectiveTo explore the relative association of admission blood glucose levels and antecedent diabetes on early and long-term survival in a contemporary UK population of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI).DesignRetrospective cohort study based on the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project dataset.SettingTertiary care centre.Participants4111 (20.3% known diabetes) consecutive patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (58.3% STEMI) between October 2002 and September 2008.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAll-cause mortality at 30 days and 1 year. The relative association of admission blood glucose and of antecedent diabetes with mortality was assessed using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we compared these relationships in patients with STEMI to those with NSTEMI.ResultsBy 30 days and 1 year, 409 (9.9%) and 677 (16.5%) of patients died. After adjusting for covariates, diabetes did not show independent association with mortality at any time point, in the entire cohort (HR 30 days 0.93 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.38); 1 year 1.00 (0.77 to 1.30)) or in subgroups of STEMI (HR 30 days 1.03 (0.65 to 1.64); 1 year 1.08 (0.77 to 1.51)) and NSTEMI (HR 30 days 0.62 (0.26 to 1.50); 1 year 0.87 (0.56 to 1.36)). In contrast, after adjusting for covariates, admission glucose showed robust and independent association with mortality in the entire cohort (HR: 30 days 1.07 (1.04 to 1.10); 1 year 1.05 (1.03 to 1.08)), and in the subgroup of STEMI (30 days 1.07 (1.03 to 1.10); 1 year 1.07 (1.04 to 1.10)), and NSTEMI (HR 30 days 1.07 (1.00 to 1.14); 1 year 1.02 (0.97 to 1.06)).ConclusionsAdmission glucose is strongly associated with mortality in all presentations of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), irrespective of established diabetes diagnosis. The increased risk is maintained up to 1 year. Future studies are required to assess the impact of active management of elevated blood glucose in improving mortality in individuals admitted with AMI.

Project description:Background: Sepsis, as one of the severe diseases, is frequently observed in critically ill patients, especially concurrent with diabetes. Whether admission blood glucose is associated with the prognosis, and outcome of septic patients is still debatable. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the demographic characteristics of septic patients in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC III, version 1.4) between June 2001 and October 2012. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for the comparison of qualitative variables among septic patients with different glucose levels and the 30-day mortality in septic patients with diabetes or not. Univariate and stepwise multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for 30-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to reveal the different 30-day survival probabilities in each subgroup. Results: A total of 2,948 septic patients (910 cases with diabetes, 2,038 cases without diabetes) were ultimately included in the study. The 30-day mortality was 32.4% (956/2,948 cases) in the overall population without any difference among diabetic and non-diabetic septic patients (p = 1.000). Admission blood glucose levels <70 mg/dl were only observed to be significantly associated with the 30-day mortality of septic patients without diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.48, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, age >65 years (HR = 1.53, p = 0.001), the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score >5 (HR = 2.26, p < 0.001), lactic acid >2 mmol/L (Lac, HR = 1.35, p = 0.024), and platelet abnormality (<100 k/ul: HR = 1.49; >300 k/ul: HR = 1.36, p < 0.001) were the independent risk factors for 30-day mortality in septic patients with diabetes. In non-diabetes population, age >65 years (HR = 1.53, p < 0.001), non-White or non-Black patients (HR = 1.30, p = 0.004), SOFA score >5 (HR = 1.56, p < 0.001), blood glucose <70 mg/dl (HR = 1.91, p = 0.003), anion gap (AG) >2 mmol/L (HR = 1.60, p < 0.001), Lac (HR = 1.61, p < 0.001), urea nitrogen >21 mg/dl (HR = 1.45, p = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, HR = 1.31, p = 0.009), total bilirubin >1.2 mg/dl (HR = 1.20, p = 0.033), and low hemoglobin (HR = 1.34, p = 0.001) were the independent risk factors for 30-day mortality. Conclusions: Our results indicate admission blood glucose, especially in terms of <70 mg/dl, is the key signaling in predicting the worse 30-day survival probability of septic patients without diabetes, which could help clinicians to make a more suitable and precise treatment modality in dealing with septic patients.

Project description:BackgroundThe prognostic effect of admission blood glucose (ABG) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not been well validated, especially in patients with diabetes. We performed this study to assess the predictive value of ABG for all-cause mortality in AMI patients with different glucose metabolism status.MethodsWe evaluated a total of 6,892 AMI patients from the prospective, nationwide, multicenter CAMI registry, of which 2,820 had diabetes, 2,011 had pre-diabetes, and 2,061 had normal glucose regulation (NGR). Patients were divided into high ABG and low ABG groups according to the optimal cutoff values of ABG to predict 2-year mortality for patients with diabetes, pre-diabetes and NGR, respectively. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.ResultsThe optimal cutoff values of ABG for predicting 2-year mortality was 9.0mmol/l, 7.2mmol/l and 6.2mmol/l for patients with diabetes, pre-diabetes and NGR, respectively. Overall, the risk of all-cause mortality in high ABG group was significantly increased compared with that in low ABG group among patients with diabetes (15.2% vs. 8.9%; hazard ratio [HR] 1.787, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.413-2.260; P<0.0001), pre-diabetes (12.1% vs. 6.1%; HR 2.069, 95%CI 1.518-2.821; P<0.0001) and NGR (11.8% vs. 6.1%; HR 2.009, 95%CI 1.473-2.740; P<0.0001). After the potential confounders were adjusted, high ABG was significantly associated with higher risk of 2-year mortality in patients with diabetes (adjusted HR 1.710, 95%CI 1.327-2.203; P<0.0001), pre-diabetes (adjusted HR 1.731, 95%CI 1.249-2.399; P=0.001) and NGR (adjusted HR 1.529, 95%CI 1.110-2.106; P=0.009). Moreover, adding ABG to the original model led to a slight albeit significant improvement in C-statistic and net reclassification in patients with diabetes and NGR (all P<0.05).ConclusionsThis study is the first to demonstrate a strong positive association between ABG and 2-year mortality in AMI patients with diabetes, pre-diabetes and NGR. ABG should be considered as a useful marker for risk stratification in patients with diabetes and NGR. Further randomized trials are warranted to investigate the effects of blood glucose control on the reduction of long-term mortality according to the corresponding ABG thresholds for different glucose metabolism status.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01874691.

Project description:BackgroundPatients with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) frequently present with blood glucose levels out of normal range. The clinical relevance of such findings in the context of V-A ECMO is unknown. We therefore investigated the prognostic relevance of blood glucose at time of cannulation for V-A ECMO.MethodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective registry study. All patients receiving V-A ECMO from October 2010 to January 2020 were included if blood glucose level at time of cannulation were documented. Patients were divided in five groups according to the initial blood glucose level ranging from hypoglycemic (< 80 mg/dl), normoglycemic (80-140 mg/dl), to mild (141-240 mg/dl), moderate (241-400 mg/dl), and severe (> 400 mg/dl) hyperglycemia, respectively. Clinical presentation, arterial blood gas analysis, and survival were compared between the groups.Results392 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 62 years (51.5-70.0), SAPS II at admission was 54 (43.5-63.0), and 108/392 (27.6%) were female. 131/392 were discharged alive (hospital survival 33.4%). At time of cannulation, survivors had higher pH, hemoglobin, calcium, bicarbonate but lower potassium and lactate levels compared to non-survivors (all p < 0.01). Outcome of patients diagnosed with particularly high (> 400 mg/dl) and low (< 80 mg/dl) blood glucose at time of V-A ECMO cannulation, respectively, was worse compared to patients with normoglycemic, mildly or moderately elevated values (p = 0.02). Glucose was independently associated with poor outcome after adjustment for other predictors of survival and persisted in all investigated subgroups.ConclusionArterial blood glucose at time of V-A ECMO cannulation predicts in-hospital survival of patients with cardiac shock or after ECPR. Whether dysglycemia represents a potential therapeutic target requires further evaluation in prospective studies.

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Admission blood glucose as a predictor of shock and mortality in multiply injured patients.

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Admission blood glucose as a predictor of shock and mortality in multiply injured patients.

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