Dataset Information

Etiology of Diarrhea Among Hospitalized Children in Blantyre, Malawi, Following Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction: A Case-Control Study.

ABSTRACT: Despite rotavirus vaccination, diarrhea remains a leading cause of child mortality. We collected stool specimens from 684 children <5 years of age hospitalized with diarrhea (cases) and 527 asymptomatic community controls for 4 years after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Malawi. Specimens were tested for 29 pathogens, using polymerase chain reaction analysis. Three or more pathogens were detected in 71% of cases and 48% of controls. Pathogens significantly associated with diarrhea included rotavirus (in 34.7% of cases and 1.5% of controls), enteric adenovirus (in 29.1% and 2.7%, respectively), Cryptosporidium (in 27.8% and 8.2%, respectively), heat-stable enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (in 21.2% and 8.5%, respectively), typical enteropathogenic E. coli (in 18.0% and 8.3%, respectively), and Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli (in 15.8% and 5.7%, respectively). Additional interventions are required to prevent diarrhea due to rotavirus and other common causal pathogens.

SUBMITTER: Iturriza-Gomara M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6581894 | biostudies-other | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Etiology of Diarrhea Among Hospitalized Children in Blantyre, Malawi, Following Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction: A Case-Control Study.

Iturriza-Gómara Miren M Jere Khuzwayo C KC Hungerford Daniel D Bar-Zeev Naor N Shioda Kayoko K Kanjerwa Oscar O Houpt Eric R ER Operario Darwin J DJ Wachepa Richard R Pollock Louisa L Bennett Aisleen A Pitzer Virginia E VE Cunliffe Nigel A NA

The Journal of infectious diseases 20190601 2

Despite rotavirus vaccination, diarrhea remains a leading cause of child mortality. We collected stool specimens from 684 children <5 years of age hospitalized with diarrhea (cases) and 527 asymptomatic community controls for 4 years after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Malawi. Specimens were tested for 29 pathogens, using polymerase chain reaction analysis. Three or more pathogens were detected in 71% of cases and 48% of controls. Pathogens significantly associated with diarrhea included rot ...[more]

PMID: 30816414

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundStudies conducted before rotavirus vaccine introduction found that moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in children aged <5 years was associated with stunting at follow-up. It is unknown whether the reduction in rotavirus-associated MSD following vaccine introduction decreased the risk of stunting.MethodsThe Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) and the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) study, two comparable matched case-control studies, were conducted during 2007-2011 and 2015-2018, respectively. We analyzed data from 3 African sites where rotavirus vaccine was introduced after GEMS and before starting VIDA. Children with acute MSD (<7 days onset) were enrolled from a health center and children without MSD (diarrhea-free for ≥7 days) were enrolled at home within 14 days of the index MSD case. The odds of being stunted at a follow-up visit 2-3 months after enrollment for an episode of MSD was compared between GEMS and VIDA using mixed-effects logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, study site, and socioeconomic status.ResultsWe analyzed data from 8808 children from GEMS and 10 579 from VIDA. Among those who were not stunted at enrollment in GEMS, 8.6% with MSD and 6.4% without MSD became stunted during the follow-up period. In VIDA, 8.0% with MSD and 5.5% children without MSD developed stunting. An episode of MSD was associated with higher odds of being stunted at follow-up compared with children without MSD in both studies (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.64 in GEMS and aOR, 1.30; 95% CI: 1.04-1.61 in VIDA). However, the magnitude of association was not significantly different between GEMS and VIDA (P = .965).ConclusionsThe association of MSD with subsequent stunting among children aged <5 years in sub-Saharan Africa did not change after rotavirus vaccine introduction. Focused strategies are needed for prevention of specific diarrheal pathogens that cause childhood stunting.

Dataset Information

Etiology of Diarrhea Among Hospitalized Children in Blantyre, Malawi, Following Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction: A Case-Control Study.

Publications

Etiology of Diarrhea Among Hospitalized Children in Blantyre, Malawi, Following Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction: A Case-Control Study.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets