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Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for malnutrition among children aged 0-59 months in Ethiopia. The analyzed data were obtained from the 2016 EDHS and 9495 under-5 years' children were considered in this analysis. The data was extracted, edited and analyzed by using SPSS Version 23.0. Both bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of children malnutrition. RESULTS:The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 38.3%, 10.1%, and 23.3%, respectively. About 19.47% of children were both stunted and underweighted, and only 3.87% of children had all the three conditions. Among the factors that considered in this study, age of a child, residence region, mothers' education level, mothers' BMI, household wealth index, sex of a child, family size, water and toilet facility were significantly associated with malnutrition in Ethiopia. The authors concluded that malnutrition among under-five children was one of the public health problems in Ethiopia. Therefore, the influence of these factors should be considered to develop strategies for reducing malnutrition in Ethiopia.

SUBMITTER: Tekile AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6624874 | biostudies-other | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey.

Tekile Abay Kassa AK Woya Ashenafi Abate AA Basha Garoma Wakjira GW

BMC research notes 20190711 1

<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for malnutrition among children aged 0-59 months in Ethiopia. The analyzed data were obtained from the 2016 EDHS and 9495 under-5 years' children were considered in this analysis. The data was extracted, edited and analyzed by using SPSS Version 23.0. Both bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of children malnutrition.<h4>Results</h4>The prevalence of stunting, wast ...[more]

PMID: 31296269

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Diarrhoea is one of the major contributors to death among under-five children in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in different countries showed that rural children are more severely affected by diarrhoea than urban children. Thus, this study was aimed to identify the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural associated risk factors of the occurrence of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. METHODS:Data for the study was drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8041 under-five children were included in the study. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of occurrence of diarrhoea with socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural factors among under-five children. RESULTS:Children aged 6-11?months (AOR:3.5; 95% CI: 2.58-4.87), 12-23?months (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.33-4.04) and 24-35?months (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.26-2.34) as compared to >?35?months were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of diarrhoea. Children in Afar region (AOR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.01-3.64) and Gambela region (AOR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.81) were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of diarrhoea, but a decreasing prevalence in Somali region (AOR: .42; 95% CI: (.217-.80) as compared to Tigray region. Increasing prevalence of diarrhoea was also significantly associated with male children (AOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.05-1.58); households who shared toilet facilities with other households (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.09-1.77); fourth birth order (AOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.17-2.79), and fifth and above birth order (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.81) as compared to first order; and mother's current age 35-49?years in a household with ?3 under-five children (AOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.64-13.45) as compared to those maternal ages of 15-24?years in a household with ?2 under-five children. CONCLUSION:The age of a child, sex of a child, region, birth order, toilet facilities shared with other households and the interaction effect of the number of under-five children with mother's current age are identified as associated risk factors for diarrhoea occurrence among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. The findings show the need for planning and implementing appropriate prevention strategies considering these risk factors for rural under-five children.

Project description:BackgroundChildhood under-nutrition is a major global health problem. Although the rate of under-nutrition in Ethiopia has declined in the last decade, but it still remains being the major causes of morbidity and mortality of children under-five years. The problem is even worse in rural areas. The prevalence of underweight among rural children was 25% compared with 13% among urban children. To alleviate this problem, it is necessary to determine the magnitude and determinants of underweight. The study models non-Gaussian data analysis to identify risk factors associated with underweight among under-five children in rural Ethiopia.MethodologyThe data source for this study was secondary data, which was retrieved from EDHS 2016 database. It was analyzed using two model families; one with marginal models (GEE and ALR) in which responses are modeled and marginalized overall other responses, and the other is random effects model (GLMM) which is useful when the interest of the analyst lies in the individual's response profiles as well as to evaluate within and between regional variations of underweight.ResultFrom fitting non-Gaussian data analysis to identify risk factors associated with underweight among under five children in rural Ethiopia, the independent variable which have significant effect on underweight were:-Age of child, birth interval, mothers education, fathers education, wealth index, diarrhea in last two weeks, fever in last two weeks are significant and also father's work status shows that difference in significance among the category.ConclusionChild age, preceding birth interval, mother's education, household's wealth index, fever, diarrhea, father's education and father's work status were associated with child underweight. Furthermore, there is both within and between regional heterogeneity of underweight among children in rural Ethiopia. Therefore, rigorous community-based interventions (such as uplifting mother's education by providing formal education and preventing infectious diseases that cause diarrhea and fever) should be developed and executed throughout the country to improve this grave situation of underweight prevalence in rural areas of Ethiopia.

Project description:BackgroundUnderweight prevalence continues to be major public health challenge worldwide, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. This study is focused on socio-economic and demographic aspects of underweight prevalence among children under-five in Punjab.MethodsIn this study, several socioeconomic and demographic factors are considered using MICS-4 data-set. Only those variables which are usually described in the nutritional studies of children were picked. Covariates include: the age of children, sex of the children, age of mother, total number of children born to women, family wealth index quintile, source of drinking water, type of sanitation, place of residence, parents' education and occupation. All Categorical variables are effect coded. The child's age and the mother's age are assumed to be nonlinear, geographical region is spatial effect, while other variables are parametric in nature. Since, the response is binary, covariate comprises linear terms, nonlinear effects of continues covariates and geographic effects, so we have use Geo-additive models (based on Fully Bayesian approach) with binomial family under logit link. Statistical analysis is performed on Statistical package R using Bayes X and R2 Bayes X Libraries.ResultsUnderweight status of children was found to be positively associated with number of under-five children in household, total number of children ever born to women and age of mother when the child was born. Whereas, it negatively associated with place of residence, parent's education and family wealth index quintile. On the regional effect, the Southern Punjab has higher prevalence of underweight compared to Central and Northern Punjab.ConclusionSimilarity of our results with several other studies demonstrate that the Geo-additive models are an ideal substitute of other statistical models to analyze the underweight prevalence among children. Moreover, our findings suggest the Punjab Government, to introduce target-oriented programs such as poverty reduction and enhancement of education and health facilities for poor population and disadvantaged regions, especially Southern Punjab.

Project description:Background:Severe acute malnutrition is one of the major public health problems in developing countries having a devastating effect on the lives of many children under 5 years of age. In Ethiopia, there has been isolated studies conducted on malnutrition with no study attempting to identify the determinants of severe acute malnutrition in the rural district of Enebsie Sarmidr.This study intends to identify the determinants of severe acute malnutrition in rural district located in North West Ethiopia. Methods:A Community based un matched case -control study was carried on 311 (64 cases and 247 controls) children aged between birth-59 months with their respective mothers or care takers from March 1-30/ 2016. Odds Ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to identify determinants of severe acute malnutrition using the multivariable logistic regression. Results:The response rate was 97.8%. Severe acute malnutrition was significantly associated with age groups birth-24 months (AOR?=?2.64, 95% CI 1.17-5.95), late initiation of breast feeding greater than an hour after birth (AOR?=?4.26, 95% CI 1.74-10.42), nonexclusive breast feeding (AOR =5.81, 95% CI 1.80-18.79), diarrheal disease in the preceding 2 weeks before SAM (AOR?=?7.98, 95% CI 2.57-24.74), febrile illnesses preceding 2 weeks before SAM (AOR?=?2.87 95% CI 1.13-7.63), decreased or maintained mealing of the mother compared to the regular during pregnancy or lactation (AOR?=?8.15, 95% CI 3.70-17.98) and birth interval less than 2 years (AOR?=?3.34, 95% CI 1.55-7.20) after controlling other variables effect. Conclusion:A child's age, late initiation of breast feeding, nonexclusive breast feeding, diarrheal diseases and febrile illnesses preceding 2 weeks before SAM, decreased or maintained mealing compared to the regular during pregnancy and lactating of the mother and narrow birth interval were identified as determinants of SAM. Therefore, collaborative efforts are needed to improve promotion of better child caring practices specifically, child and maternal feeding practices and prevention and treatment of acute illnesses.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey.

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Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey.

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