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Mapping patterns of metastatic lymph nodes for postoperative radiotherapy in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a recommendation for clinical target volume definition.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The clinical target volume (CTV) for postoperative radiotherapy for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) needs to be defined. The study aim was to map metastatic lymph nodes (LNMs) in a computed tomography (CT)-based atlas and delineate the postoperative radiotherapy target area. METHODS:Sixty-nine TESCC patients with first recurrent regional LNMs after esophagectomy were included. The LNM epicenters were registered onto corresponding anatomic axial CT images of a standard patient in the treatment position, with reference to the surrounding vascular and bony structures. The LNM sites were based on lymph node map of esophageal cancer, AJCC 8th. The lymph metastasis risk for different segments of thoracic esophagus was assessed. RESULTS:One hundred and seventy-nine LNMs were mapped onto standard axial CT images. The upper-middle mediastinum region (station 1 to 8 M) contained 97% of metastases in the upper segment of thoracic esophagus, 90% in the middle segment, and 66% in the lower one. Advanced pathological stage (≥IIIB) might be a predictive factor for upper abdominal region (UAR) relapse in lower TESCC. Lower cervical para-tracheal LNMs were within a 4.3-cm bilaterally expanded area from the midline of the body and a 2.2-cm expanded area from the anterior of vertebral body, from the superior border of the C7, to the inferior border of the first thoracic vertebra. CONCLUSION:A modified target from the upper border of C7 to the lower border of caudal margin of the inferior pulmonary vein level could cover the high-risk area of TESCC underwent postoperative radiotherapy. UAR seems to be an elective irradiation target for lower TESCC at pathological IIIB stage and higher.

SUBMITTER: Yu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6749673 | biostudies-other | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Mapping patterns of metastatic lymph nodes for postoperative radiotherapy in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a recommendation for clinical target volume definition.

Yu Jing J Ouyang Wen W Li Chunyang C Shen Jiuling J Xu Yu Y Zhang Junhong J Xie Conghua C Xie Conghua C

BMC cancer 20190918 1

<h4>Background</h4>The clinical target volume (CTV) for postoperative radiotherapy for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) needs to be defined. The study aim was to map metastatic lymph nodes (LNMs) in a computed tomography (CT)-based atlas and delineate the postoperative radiotherapy target area.<h4>Methods</h4>Sixty-nine TESCC patients with first recurrent regional LNMs after esophagectomy were included. The LNM epicenters were registered onto corresponding anatomic axial CT im ...[more]

PMID: 31533656

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Project description:BackgroundThe role of postoperative radiotherapy in pathological T2-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with pathological T2-3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methodsPatients aged 18-72 years with pathological stage T2-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery and without neoadjuvant therapy were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to surgery alone or to receive postoperative radiotherapy of 50.4 Gy in supraclavicular field and 56 Gy in mediastinal field in 28 fractions over 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival. The secondary endpoints were local-regional recurrence rate, overall survival, and radiation-related toxicities.ResultsFrom October 2012 to February 2018, 167 patients were enrolled in this study. We analyzed 157 patients whose follow-up time was more than 1 year or who had died. The median follow-up time was 45.6 months. The 3-year disease-free survival rates were 75.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 65.9-85.5) in the postoperative radiotherapy group and 58.7% (95% CI 48.2-71.5) in the surgery group (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% CI 0.30-0.94, p = .030). Local-regional recurrence rate decreased significantly in the radiotherapy group (10.0% vs. 32.5% in the surgery group, p = .001). The overall survival and distant metastasis rates were not significantly different between two groups. Grade 3 toxicity rate related to radiotherapy was 12.5%.ConclusionPostoperative radiotherapy significantly increased disease-free survival and decreased local regional recurrence rate in patients with pathological T2-3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with acceptable toxicities in this interim analysis. Further enrollment and follow-up are warranted to validate these findings in this ongoing trial.Implications for practiceThe value of adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with node-negative esophageal cancer is not clear. The interim results of this phase III study indicated that postoperative radiotherapy significantly improved disease-free survival and decreased local-regional recurrence rate in patients with pathological T2-3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma compared with surgery alone with acceptable toxicities. The distant metastasis rates and overall survival rates were not different between the two groups. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered for pathologic T2-3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Prospective trials to identify high-risk subgroups are needed.

Project description:Background This study aims to explore the relationship between the lymph nodes examined and survival benefits of postoperative radiotherapy in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients with stage T1-2N1M0. Methods This study retrieved patients who underwent dissection of the primary site and neck lymph nodes for pT1-2N1M0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma without adverse nodal features from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015. Propensity score matching analysis was conducted, and the best cutoff value of the lymph nodes examined was determined by X-tile. Cancer-specific survival was the primary outcome. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the relation between postoperative radiotherapy and cancer-specific survival, adjusting for other prognostic factors. Results A total of 469 patients were finally enrolled according to our exclusion criteria, and then 119 pairs of patients were matched by propensity score matching analysis. The best cutoff value of the lymph nodes examined was determined by X-tile, stratifying patients into lymph nodes examined ≤16 group and lymph nodes examined >16 group. For the whole matched cohort, the choice of postoperative radiotherapy had no correlation with other factors (all p’s > 0.05), and postoperative radiotherapy made no contribution to a better survival outcome for patients (p = 0.289). After stratified by the lymph nodes examined, in the lymph nodes examined ≤16 group, significantly improved CSS was found for those who undertook postoperative radiotherapy compared to those who just received surgery (unadjusted hazard ratio, 0.541; 95% confidence interval, 0.333–0.878; p = 0.013). Conclusions Our study revealed that pT1-2N1M0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients were more likely to benefit from postoperative radiotherapy when unsatisfactory neck dissection was conducted, indicating that the number of lymph nodes examined might be a factor when clinicians do therapeutic planning for early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Project description:BackgroundThis trial aims to explore the feasibility and safety of postoperative radiotherapy covering all regional lymph node areas for locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).MethodsThis was a single-center single-arm, phase II clinical trial initiated in 2014. Patients who were treated with radical transthoracic resection and had negative margins within 3 months and histologically confirmed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (pT3-4 or N+, M0 determined by the 7th edition of the AJCC guidelines) were recruited in this trial. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed with a total dose of 40 Gy in 20 fractions using IMRT. Clinical target volumes (CTVs) included the tumor bed, anastomosis, bilateral supraclavicular region, mediastinal lymph nodes, left gastric lymph nodes and celiac trunk lymph nodes. The primary endpoint was the 2-year local control rate, and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AEs).ResultsA total of 70 eligible patients were recruited from 2014 to 2016. The 2-year local control rate, as the primary endpoint, was 67.3%. In addition, the median OS was 57.0 months, with 1-year and 3-year OS rates of 92.8% and 60.9%, respectively. Among the patients, 28/40 (40%) developed locoregional recurrence, with 25.7% involving hematogenous recurrences. All reported AEs occurred during the course of IMRT or within 6 months thereafter. None of them suffered grade 4 hematological or nonhematological AEs. Nearly all patients completed the entire course of postoperative radiotherapy, with a completion rate of 97.1%.ConclusionFor an extensive target volume, 40 Gy is feasible and shows acceptable toxicity in patients with locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, although the local recurrence rate is relatively high. Our findings provide a basis for further exploration of high-dose radiation with extensive CTV combined with chemotherapy.Clinical trial registration[http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02384811&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=], identifier [NCT02384811].

Project description:BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) covering partial regional lymph node areas combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.MethodsThis was a single-center, single-arm phase II clinical trial that began in 2014. Patients who underwent radical transthoracic resection within 3 months and were histologically confirmed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (pT3-4 or N+, M0 determined according to AJCC Guidelines, Edition 7) were recruited. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed with a total dose of 50.4Gy in 28 fractions using IMRT. Clinical target volumes (CTVs) included tumor bed, anastomosis, bilateral supraclavicular region, and superior mediastinal lymph nodes. Synchronous chemotherapy for 2 cycles (paclitaxel 150mg/m2, day1; Cisplatin 25mg/m2, day1-3; every 4 weeks), followed by 2 cycles of consolidation chemotherapy with the same regimen. The primary endpoint was the 2-year local control rate, and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AEs).ResultsA total of 75 eligible patients were included from 2014 to 2017. The 2-year LRFS rate, as the primary endpoint, was 73.3%. The 1-year and 3-year OS rates were 88.0% and 68.0%, respectively. Local recurrence occurred in 13/75 (17.4%) patients, of which 2.7% (2/75) were extra-target lymph nodes. Grade 4 adverse events reported in this study included 10 cases (13.3%) of neutropenia, 1 case (1.3%) of anemia, and 2 cases (2.7%) of thrombocytopenia, without toxic-related deaths. Almost all (96%) patients completed the entire postoperative radiotherapy course, and 62 (82.7%) patients completed at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy.ConclusionPostoperative IMRT (clinical target volume including tumor bed, anastomosis, bilateral supraclavicular region, and superior mediastinal lymph nodes) combined with synchronous chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was well tolerated, with a high local control rate and a low probability of recurrence outside the irradiation field.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ChiCTR1900022689.

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Mapping patterns of metastatic lymph nodes for postoperative radiotherapy in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a recommendation for clinical target volume definition.

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Mapping patterns of metastatic lymph nodes for postoperative radiotherapy in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a recommendation for clinical target volume definition.

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