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Third Trimester Fetal Cardiac Blood Flow and Cardiac Outcomes in School-Age Children Assessed By Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

ABSTRACT: Background An adverse fetal environment leads to fetal hemodynamic adaptations with cardiac flow alterations that may subsequently affect cardiac development. We examined the associations of third trimester placental and fetal cardiac hemodynamics with cardiac outcomes in school-age children. Methods and Results We performed a population-based prospective cohort study among 547 mothers and their children. At a gestational age of 30.4 (95% range 28.4-32.7) weeks, we measured umbilical and cerebral artery resistance, cardiac output, and tricuspid and mitral E/A waves with Doppler. At the median age of 10.0 years (95% range 9.4-11.7) we measured cardiac outcomes with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiac outcomes included right ventricular end-diastolic volume) and right ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end diastolic volume and left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass-to-volume ratio as left ventricular mass/left ventricular end diastolic volume. Higher third-trimester umbilical artery resistance was associated with higher childhood right ventricular ejection fraction (P value <0.05), but not with other cardiac outcomes. The third-trimester umbilical artery-cerebral artery pulsatility index ratio was not associated with childhood cardiac outcomes. Higher third-trimester fetal left cardiac output was associated with lower childhood left ventricular ejection fraction and higher left ventricular mass-to-volume ratio (P value <0.05). Third-trimester fetal right cardiac output was not associated with childhood cardiac outcomes. A higher third-trimester fetal tricuspid valve E/A ratio was associated with higher childhood right ventricular ejection fraction (P value <0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that fetal cardiac fetal blood flow redistribution may have long-term effects on cardiac structure and function. These results should be considered as hypothesis generating and need further replication.

SUBMITTER: Toemen L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6759900 | biostudies-other | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Third Trimester Fetal Cardiac Blood Flow and Cardiac Outcomes in School-Age Children Assessed By Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Toemen Liza L Jelic Gavro G Kooijman Marjolein N MN Gaillard Romy R Helbing Willem A WA van der Lugt Aad A Roest Arno A W AAW Reiss Irwin K M IKM Steegers Eric A P EAP Jaddoe Vincent W V VWV

Journal of the American Heart Association 20190813 16

Background An adverse fetal environment leads to fetal hemodynamic adaptations with cardiac flow alterations that may subsequently affect cardiac development. We examined the associations of third trimester placental and fetal cardiac hemodynamics with cardiac outcomes in school-age children. Methods and Results We performed a population-based prospective cohort study among 547 mothers and their children. At a gestational age of 30.4 (95% range 28.4-32.7) weeks, we measured umbilical and cerebra ...[more]

PMID: 31405324

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Project description:BackgroundTo date it has not been possible to obtain a comprehensive 3D assessment of fetal hemodynamics because of the technical challenges inherent in imaging small cardiac structures, movement of the fetus during data acquisition, and the difficulty of fusing data from multiple cardiac cycles when a cardiac gating signal is absent. Here we propose the combination of volumetric velocity-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging ("4D flow" CMR) and a specialized animal preparation (catheters to monitor fetal heart rate, anesthesia to immobilize mother and fetus) to examine fetal sheep cardiac hemodynamics in utero.MethodsTen pregnant Merino sheep underwent surgery to implant arterial catheters in the target fetuses. Anesthetized ewes underwent 4D flow CMR with acquisition at 3?T for fetal whole-heart coverage with 1.2-1.5?mm spatial resolution and 45-62?ms temporal resolution. Flow was measured in the heart and major vessels, and particle traces were used to visualize circulatory patterns in fetal cardiovascular shunts. Conservation of mass was used to test internal 4D flow consistency, and comparison to standard 2D phase contrast (PC) CMR was performed for validation.ResultsStreaming of blood from the ductus venosus through the foramen ovale was visualized. Flow waveforms in the major thoracic vessels and shunts displayed normal arterial and venous patterns. Combined ventricular output (CVO) was 546?mL/min per kg, and the distribution of flows (%CVO) were comparable to values obtained using other methods. Internal 4D flow consistency across 23 measurement locations was established with differences of 14.2?±?12.1%. Compared with 2D PC CMR, 4D flow showed a strong correlation (R2?=?0.85) but underestimated flow (bias?=?-?21.88?mL/min per kg, p?<?0.05).ConclusionsThe combination of fetal surgical preparation and 4D flow CMR enables characterization and quantification of complex flow patterns in utero. Visualized streaming of blood through normal physiological shunts confirms the complex mechanism of substrate delivery to the fetal heart and brain. Besides offering insight into normal physiology, this technology has the potential to qualitatively characterize complex flow patterns in congenital heart disease phenotypes in a large animal model, which can support the development of new interventions to improve outcomes in this population.

Project description:ObjectiveTo examine whether first trimester fetal growth restriction correlates with cardiovascular outcomes in childhood.DesignPopulation based prospective cohort study.SettingCity of Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Participants1184 children with first trimester fetal crown to rump length measurements, whose mothers had a reliable first day of their last menstrual period and a regular menstrual cycle.Main outcomes measuresBody mass index, total and abdominal fat distribution, blood pressure, and blood concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and C peptide at the median age of 6.0 (90% range 5.7-6.8) years. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors was defined as having three or more of: high android fat mass; high systolic or diastolic blood pressure; low high density lipoprotein cholesterol or high triglycerides concentrations; and high insulin concentrations.ResultsOne standard deviation score greater first trimester fetal crown to rump length was associated with a lower total fat mass (-0.30%, 95% confidence interval -0.57% to -0.03%), android fat mass (-0.07%, -0.12% to -0.02%), android/gynoid fat mass ratio (-0.53, -0.89 to -0.17), diastolic blood pressure (-0.43, -0.84 to -0.01, mm Hg), total cholesterol (-0.05, -0.10 to 0, mmol/L), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.04, -0.09 to 0, mmol/L), and risk of clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (relative risk 0.81, 0.66 to 1.00) in childhood. Additional adjustment for gestational age and weight at birth changed these effect estimates only slightly. Childhood body mass index fully explained the associations of first trimester fetal crown to rump length with childhood total fat mass. First trimester fetal growth was not associated with other cardiovascular outcomes. Longitudinal growth analyses showed that compared with school age children without clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, those with clustering had a smaller first trimester fetal crown to rump length and lower second and third trimester estimated fetal weight but higher weight growth from the age of 6 months onwards.ConclusionsImpaired first trimester fetal growth is associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile in school age children. Early fetal life might be a critical period for cardiovascular health in later life.

Dataset Information

Third Trimester Fetal Cardiac Blood Flow and Cardiac Outcomes in School-Age Children Assessed By Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Publications

Third Trimester Fetal Cardiac Blood Flow and Cardiac Outcomes in School-Age Children Assessed By Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

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