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Effect of Nanocrystallization of Anthocyanins Extracted from Two Types of Red-Fleshed Apple Varieties on Its Stability and Antioxidant Activity.

ABSTRACT: Red-fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f. neidzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf) has attracted more and more attention due to its enriched anthocyanins and high antioxidant activity. In this study we extracted total anthocyanins and phenols from two types of red-fleshed apples-Xinjing No.4 (XJ4) and Red Laiyang (RL)-to study the stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins after encapsulation onto Corn Starch Nanoparticles (CSNPs). The results indicated the anthocyanins and total phenol levels of XJ4 were 2.96 and 2.25 times higher than those of RL respectively. The anthocyanin concentration and loading time had a significant effect on CSNPs encapsulation, and XJ4 anthocyanins always showed significantly higher loading capacity than RL. After encapsulation, the morphology of RL-CSNPs and XJ4-CSNPs was still spherical with a smooth surface as CSNPs, but the particle size increased compared to CSNPs especially for RL-CSNPs. Different stress treatments including UV light, pH, temperature, and salinity suggested that XJ4-CSNPs exhibited consistently higher stability than RL-CSNPs. A significantly enhanced free radical scavenging rate under stress conditions was observed, and XJ4-CSNPs had stronger antioxidant activity than RL-CSNPs. Furthermore, XJ4-CSNPs exhibited a slower released rate than RL-CSNPs in simulated gastric (pH 2.0) and intestinal (pH 7.0) environments. Our research suggests that nanocrystallization of anthocyanins is an effective method to keep the anthocyanin ingredients intact and active while maintaining a slow release rate. Compared to RL, encapsulation of XJ4 anthocyanins has more advantages, which might be caused by the significant differences in the metabolites of XJ4. These findings give an insight into understanding the role of nanocrystallization using CSNPs in enhancing the antioxidant ability of anthocyanins from different types of red-fleshed apples, and provide theoretical foundations for red-fleshed apple anthocyanin application.

SUBMITTER: Xu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6767359 | biostudies-other | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Effect of Nanocrystallization of Anthocyanins Extracted from Two Types of Red-Fleshed Apple Varieties on Its Stability and Antioxidant Activity.

Xu Jihua J Li Xinxin X Liu Shifeng S Zhao Peilei P Huo Heqiang H Zhang Yugang Y

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20190916 18

Red-fleshed apple (<i>Malus sieversii f. neidzwetzkyana</i> (Dieck) Langenf) has attracted more and more attention due to its enriched anthocyanins and high antioxidant activity. In this study we extracted total anthocyanins and phenols from two types of red-fleshed apples-Xinjing No.4 (XJ4) and Red Laiyang (RL)-to study the stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins after encapsulation onto Corn Starch Nanoparticles (CSNPs). The results indicated the anthocyanins and total phenol levels ...[more]

PMID: 31527454

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Project description:The cuticle, a protective cuticular barrier present in almost all primary aerial plant organs, has a composition that varies between plant species. As a part of the apple peel, cuticle and epicuticular waxes have an important role in the skin appearance and quality characteristic in fresh fruits destined for human consumption. The specific composition and structural characteristics of cutin from two apple varieties, "golden delicious" and "red delicious", were obtained by enzymatic protocols and studied by means of cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS 13C NMR), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and mass spectrometry, and were morphologically characterized by specialized microscopy techniques (atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLMS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)). According to CP-MAS 13C NMR and ATR-FTIR analysis, cutins from both varieties are mainly composed of aliphatics and a small difference is shown between them. This was corroborated from the hydrolyzed cutins analysis by mass spectrometry, where 9,10,18-trihydroxy-octadecanoic acid; 10,20-Dihydroxy-icosanoic acid; 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecenoic acid (10,16-DHPA); 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid; and 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid were the main monomers isolated. The low presence of polysaccharides and phenolics in the cutins obtained could be related to the low elastic behavior of this biocomposite and the presence of cracks in the apple cutin's surface. These cracks have an average depth of 1.57 µm ± 0.57 in the golden apple, and 1.77 µm ± 0.64 in those found in the red apple. The results obtained in this work may facilitate a better understanding that mechanical properties of the apple fruit skin are mainly related to the specific aliphatic composition of cutin and help to much better investigate the formation of microcracks, an important symptom of russet formation.

Dataset Information

Effect of Nanocrystallization of Anthocyanins Extracted from Two Types of Red-Fleshed Apple Varieties on Its Stability and Antioxidant Activity.

Publications

Effect of Nanocrystallization of Anthocyanins Extracted from Two Types of Red-Fleshed Apple Varieties on Its Stability and Antioxidant Activity.

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