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Surface Modification by Media Organics Reduces the Bacterio-toxicity of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle against Escherichia coli.

ABSTRACT: Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demands alternatives to antibiotics. Copper-based nanoparticles with a high antibacterial property may be a solution to the problem. It is, therefore, important to understand the mode of antibacterial action of the nanoparticles (NPs). Despite reports on induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria by copper and copper-oxide nanoparticles and involvement of such ROS in cell killing, it is still unclear (a) if surface modification of the nanoparticles by media organics has any role on their antibacterial potency and (b) whether the bactericidal effects of these NPs are 'particle-specific' or 'ion-specific' in nature. We address these issues for cupric oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) in this study. Instead of nutrient medium, when E. coli bacterial cells were suspended in saline (0.9% NaCl), CuO-NP had a more anti-bacterial effect, with MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) value of 6 µg/mL, than in nutrient medium with MBC value of 160 µg/mL. Moreover, the lysine-modified CuO-NP in saline had MBC at 130 µg/mL. Thus, unmodified CuO-NP was more efficient killer than modified one. Our finding further revealed that in saline;CuO-NP had 'particle-specific' antibacterial effect through generation of ROS and consequent oxidative damage by lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA degradation in cells.

SUBMITTER: Chakraborty R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6814817 | biostudies-other | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Surface Modification by Media Organics Reduces the Bacterio-toxicity of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle against Escherichia coli.

Chakraborty Ruchira R Basu Tarakdas T

Scientific reports 20191025 1

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria demands alternatives to antibiotics. Copper-based nanoparticles with a high antibacterial property may be a solution to the problem. It is, therefore, important to understand the mode of antibacterial action of the nanoparticles (NPs). Despite reports on induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria by copper and copper-oxide nanoparticles and involvement of such ROS in cell killing, it is still unclear (a) if surface modification of the nanop ...[more]

PMID: 31653977

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Project description:Microelectrode arrays for neural recording suffer from low yield and stability partly due to the inflammatory host responses. A neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 coating has been shown to promote electrode-neuron integration, reduce microglia activation and improve recording. Coupling L1 to surface via a nanoparticle (NP) base layer further increased the protein surface density and stability. However, the exact L1-microglia interaction in these coatings has not been studied. Here we cultured primary microglia on L1 modified surfaces (with and without NP) and characterized microglia activation upon phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Results showed L1 coatings reduced microglia's superoxide production in response to PMA and presented intrinsic antioxidant properties. Meanwhile, L1 decreased iNOS, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta), while increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF beta 1, IL-10) in LPS stimulated microglia. Furthermore, L1 increased Arg-1 expression and phagocytosis upon LPS stimulation. Rougher NP surface showed lower number of microglia attached per area than their smooth counterpart, lower IL-6 release and superoxide production, and higher intrinsic reducing potential. Finally, we examined the effect of L1 and nanoparticle modifications on microglia response in vivo over 8 weeks with 2-photon imaging. Microglial coverage on the implant surface was found to be lower on the L1 modified substrates relative to unmodified, consistent with the in vitro observation. Our results indicate L1 significantly reduces superoxide production and inflammatory response of microglia and promotes wound healing, while L1 immobilization via a nanoparticle base layer brings added benefit without adverse effects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Surface modification of microelectrode arrays with L1 has been shown to reduce microglia coverage on neural probe surface in vivo and improves neural recording, but the specific mechanism of action is not fully understood. The results in this study show that surface bound L1 reduces superoxide production from cultured microglia via direct reduction reaction and signaling pathways, increases anti-inflammatory cytokine release and phagocytosis in response to PMA or LPS stimulation. Additionally, roughening the surface with nanoparticles prior to L1 immobilization further increased the benefit of L1 in reducing microglia activation and oxidative stress. Together, our findings shed light on the mechanisms of action of nanotextured and neuroadhesive neural implant coatings and guide future development of seamless tissue interface.

Dataset Information

Surface Modification by Media Organics Reduces the Bacterio-toxicity of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle against Escherichia coli.

Publications

Surface Modification by Media Organics Reduces the Bacterio-toxicity of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticle against Escherichia coli.

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