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Shared and Distinct Mechanisms of UBA1 Inactivation Across Different Diseases

ABSTRACT: Most cellular ubiquitin signaling is initiated by UBA1, which activates and transfers ubiquitin to tens of E2 enzymes. Clonally acquired UBA1 missense mutations cause an inflammatory-hematologic overlap disease called VEXAS (vacuoles, E1, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome. Despite extensive clinical investigation into this lethal disease, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, by dissecting VEXAS-causing UBA1 mutations, we discovered that p.Met41 mutations alter cytoplasmic isoform expression, whereas other mutations reduce catalytic activity of nuclear and cytoplasmic isoforms by diverse mechanisms, including aberrant oxyester formation. Strikingly, non-p.Met41 mutations most prominently affect transthioesterification, revealing ubiquitin transfer to cytoplasmic E2 enzymes as a shared property of pathogenesis amongst different VEXAS syndrome genotypes. A similar E2 charging bottleneck exists in some lung cancer-associated UBA1 mutations, but not in spinal muscular atrophy-causing UBA1 mutations, which instead, render UBA1 thermolabile. Collectively, our results highlight the precision of conformational changes required for faithful ubiquitin transfer, define distinct and shared mechanisms of UBA1 inactivation in diverse diseases, and suggest that specific E1-E2 modules control different aspects of tissue differentiation and maintenance.

SUBMITTER: Dr. Jason, C Collins

PROVIDER: S-SCDT-10_1038-S44318-024-00046-Z | biostudies-other |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Shared and Distinct Mechanisms of UBA1 Inactivation Across Different Diseases.

Project description:Most cellular ubiquitin signaling is initiated by UBA1, which activates and transfers ubiquitin to tens of E2 enzymes. Clonally acquired UBA1 missense mutations cause an inflammatory-hematologic overlap disease called VEXAS (vacuoles, E1, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome. Despite extensive clinical investigation into this lethal disease, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, by dissecting VEXAS-causing UBA1 mutations, we discovered that p.Met41 mutations alter cytoplasmic isoform expression, whereas other mutations reduce catalytic activity of nuclear and cytoplasmic isoforms by diverse mechanisms, including aberrant oxyester formation. Strikingly, non-p.Met41 mutations most prominently affect transthioesterification, revealing ubiquitin transfer to cytoplasmic E2 enzymes as a shared property of pathogenesis amongst different VEXAS syndrome genotypes. A similar E2 charging bottleneck exists in some lung cancer-associated UBA1 mutations, but not in spinal muscular atrophy-causing UBA1 mutations, which instead, render UBA1 thermolabile. Collectively, our results highlight the precision of conformational changes required for faithful ubiquitin transfer, define distinct and shared mechanisms of UBA1 inactivation in diverse diseases, and suggest that specific E1-E2 modules control different aspects of tissue differentiation and maintenance.

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Shared and Distinct Mechanisms of UBA1 Inactivation Across Different Diseases

Project description:UBA1 initiates most cellular ubiquitin signaling by activating and transferring ubiquitin to tens of E2 enzymes. Clonally acquired UBA1 missense mutations cause a severe inflammatory-hematologic overlap disease called VEXAS (vacuoles, E1, X-linked autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome. Despite extensive investigation into the clinical manifestations of this lethal disease, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we systematically dissect VEXAS-causing mutations in UBA1 to better understand disease pathogenesis. We find that only UBA1 p.Met41 mutations alter cytoplasmic isoform expression, while the remaining mutations reduce catalytic function of both cytoplasmic and nuclear isoforms by diverse mechanisms, including defective ubiquitin adenylation, reduced thioesterification, and aberrant oxyester formation. Strikingly, most non-p.Met41 mutations prominently affect transthioesterification, revealing ubiquitin conjugation to cytoplasmic E2 enzymes as a shared property of pathogenesis amongst different VEXAS syndrome genotypes.

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