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Ependyma-expressed CCN1 restricts the size of the neural stem cell pool in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone

ABSTRACT: Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in specialized niches, which hold a balanced number of NSCs, their progeny, and other cells. How niche capacity is regulated to contain a specific number of NSCs remains unclear. Here, we show that ependyma-derived matricellular protein CCN1 (cellular communication network factor 1) negatively regulates niche capacity and NSC number in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). Adult ependyma-specific deletion of Ccn1 transiently enhanced NSC proliferation and reduced neuronal differentiation in mice, increasing the numbers of NSCs and NSC units. Although proliferation of NSCs and neurogenesis seen in Ccn1 knock-out mice eventually returned to normal, the expanded NSC pool was maintained in the V-SVZ until old age. Inhibition of EGFR signaling prevented expansion of the NSC population observed in Ccn1 KO mice. Thus, ependyma-derived CCN1 restricts NSC expansion in the adult brain to maintain the proper niche capacity of the V-SVZ.

SUBMITTER: Prof. Qin Shen

PROVIDER: S-SCDT-EMBOJ-2019-101679 | biostudies-other |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Ependyma-expressed CCN1 restricts the size of the neural stem cell pool in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone.

Project description:Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in specialized niches, which hold a balanced number of NSCs, their progeny, and other cells. How niche capacity is regulated to contain a specific number of NSCs remains unclear. Here, we show that ependyma-derived matricellular protein CCN1 (cellular communication network factor 1) negatively regulates niche capacity and NSC number in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). Adult ependyma-specific deletion of Ccn1 transiently enhanced NSC proliferation and reduced neuronal differentiation in mice, increasing the numbers of NSCs and NSC units. Although proliferation of NSCs and neurogenesis seen in Ccn1 knockout mice eventually returned to normal, the expanded NSC pool was maintained in the V-SVZ until old age. Inhibition of EGFR signaling prevented expansion of the NSC population observed in CCN1 deficient mice. Thus, ependyma-derived CCN1 restricts NSC expansion in the adult brain to maintain the proper niche capacity of the V-SVZ.

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Ependyma-expressed CCN1 restricts the size of the neural stem cell pool in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone

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Ependyma-expressed CCN1 restricts the size of the neural stem cell pool in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone

Project description:Ependyma-expressed CCN1 restricts the size of the neural stem cell pool in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone

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Project description:The ability to prospectively isolate adult neural stem cells and their progeny is crucial to study their biology and therapeutic potential. Stem cells in adult mammalian neurogenic niches are a subset of astrocytes. A major limitation in the field has been the inability to distinguish stem cell astrocytes from niche astrocytes. Here, we show that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive subventricular-zone (SVZ) astrocytes are activated stem cells that are eliminated by antimitotic treatment. We developed a simple strategy to simultaneously purify cells at different stages of the adult SVZ stem cell lineage by using FACS. This method combines the use of fluorescent EGF ligand, CD24, and GFP expression in GFAP::GFP transgenic mice and allows the simultaneous purification of activated stem cell astrocytes (GFP(+)EGFR(+)CD24(-)), niche astrocytes (GFP(+)EGFR(-)CD24(-)), transit amplifying cells (GFP(-)EGFR(+)CD24(-)), and neuroblasts (GFP(-)EGFR(-)CD24(low)). One in three EGFR(+) astrocytes gives rise to neurospheres in vitro, a 20-fold enrichment over unsorted cells. Importantly, these cells constitute the neurosphere-forming population among SVZ astrocytes. This approach will be of great utility for future functional and molecular studies of the SVZ stem cell lineage.

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