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Viral nucleoprotein antibodies activate TRIM21 and induce T cell immunity


ABSTRACT: Nucleoprotein (N) is an immunodominant antigen in many enveloped virus infections. While the diagnostic value of anti-N antibodies is clear, their role in immunity is not. This is because while they are non-neutralizing, they somehow clear infection by coronavirus, influenza and LCMV in vivo. Here we show that anti-N immune protection is mediated by the cytosolic Fc receptor and E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21. Exploiting LCMV as a model system, we demonstrate that TRIM21 uses anti-N antibodies to target N for cytosolic degradation and generate cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) against N-peptide. These CTLs rapidly eliminate N-peptide-displaying cells and drive efficient viral clearance. These results reveal a new mechanism of immune synergy between antibodies and T cells and highlights N as an important vaccine target.

SUBMITTER: Dr. Sarah, L Caddy 

PROVIDER: S-SCDT-EMBOJ-2020-106228 | biostudies-other |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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