Muscle-specific Cand2 is translationally upregulated by mTORC1 and promotes adverse cardiac remodeling
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dr. Agnieszka Gorska
PROVIDER: S-SCDT-EMBOR-2020-52170V1 | biostudies-other |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) promotes pathological remodeling in the heart by activating ribosomal biogenesis and mRNA translation. Inhibition of mTOR in cardiomyocytes is protective; however, a detailed role of mTOR in translational regulation of specific mRNA networks in the diseased heart is unknown. We performed cardiomyocyte genome-wide sequencing to define mTOR-dependent gene expression control at the level of mRNA translation. We identify the muscle-specific protein Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 2 (Cand2) as a translationally upregulated gene, dependent on the activity of mTOR. Deletion of Cand2 protects the myocardium against pathological remodeling. Mechanistically, we show that Cand2 links mTOR signaling to pathological cell growth by increasing Grk5 protein expression. Our data suggest that cell-type-specific targeting of mTOR might have therapeutic value against pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Project description:Background: Excess fibrotic remodeling leads to cardiac dysfunction in ischemic heart disease and is driven by MAP kinase-dependent transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) activation by coagulation signaling of myeloid cells. How coagulation-inflammatory circuits can be specifically targeted to achieve beneficial macrophage reprogramming after myocardial infarction (MI) is incompletely understood. Methods: Mice with permanent ligation of the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) were used to model ischemic heart disease and analyzed by single cell RNA sequencing, protein expression changes, confocal microscopy, and longitudinal monitoring of recovery. We probed the role of the tissue factor (TF)-factor 7 (F7)-integrin ß1-protease activated receptor (PAR) 2 signaling complex by utilizing genetic mouse models and pharmacological intervention. Results: Cleavage-insensitive PAR2R38E and myeloid cell integrin ß1-deficient mice had improved cardiac function after MI compared to controls. Proximity ligation assays of monocytic cells in the infarcted myocardium demonstrated that colocalization of F7 with integrin ß1 was diminished in monocyte/macrophage F7-deficient mice. F7fl/fl CX3CR1Cre relative to littermate control mice showed reduced TGF-ß1 and MAP kinase activation, as well as cardiac dysfunction after MI, despite unaltered overall recruitment of myeloid cells into the infarct zone. Single cell mRNA sequencing of CD45+ cells 3 and 7 days after MI uncovered a trajectory from ischemic myocardium-recruited monocytes to inflammatory TF+/F7+/TREM1+ macrophages. As early as 7 days after MI, macrophage F7-deletion led to an expansion of Olfml3+ macrophages with a reparative phenotype and, conversely, to a reduction of TF+/F7+/TREM1+ macrophages, which were also attenuated in activation-resistant PAR2R38E mice. To demonstrate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the TF-F7-PAR2 signaling complex,, we injected a specific monoclonal anti-TF antibody that lacks anticoagulant activity, but interferes with macrophage migration in vitro. Short-term treatment from day 1-5 after non-reperfused MI improved cardiac dysfunction, decreased excess fibrosis, attenuated vascular endothelial dysfunction, and increased survival 28 days after MI. Conclusions: Extravascular TF-F7-PAR2 complex signaling drives inflammatory macrophage polarization in ischemic heart disease. Targeting this signaling complex for specific therapeutic macrophage reprogramming following MI attenuates cardiac fibrosis and improves cardiovascular function.
2024-08-23 | GSE270768 | GEO
Project description:The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of pathological remodeling in the heart by activating ribosomal biogenesis and mRNA translation. Inhibition of mTOR in cardiomyocytes is protective, however, a detailed role of mTOR in translational regulation of specific mRNA networks in the diseased heart is largely unknown. A cardiomyocyte genome-wide sequencing approach was used to define mTOR-dependent post-transcriptional gene expression control at the level of mRNA translation. This approach identified the muscle specific protein Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 2 (Cand2) as a translationally upregulated gene dependent on the activity of mTOR. Deletion of Cand2 protects the myocardium against pathological remodeling. Mechanistically, we found that Cand2 links mTOR- signaling to pathological cell growth by increasing Grk5 protein expression. Our data suggest that cell-type specific targeting of mTOR might have therapeutic value for adverse pathological cardiac remodeling.
2021-07-30 | GSE153364 | GEO
Project description:Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) initiates an intense inflammatory response that promotes cardiac dysfunction, cell death, and ventricular remodeling. The molecular events underlying this inflammatory response, however, are incompletely understood. In experimental models of sterile inflammation, ATP released from dying cells triggers, through activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor, the formation of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex necessary for caspase-1 activation and amplification of the inflammatory response. Here we describe the presence of the inflammasome in the heart in an experimental mouse model of AMI as evidenced by increased caspase-1 activity and cytoplasmic aggregates of the three components of the inflammasome--apoptosis speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC), cryopyrin, and caspase-1, localized to the granulation tissue and cardiomyocytes bordering the infarct. Cultured adult murine cardiomyocytes also showed the inducible formation of the inflammasome associated with increased cell death. P2X7 and cryopyrin inhibition (using silencing RNA or a pharmacologic inhibitor) prevented the formation of the inflammasome and limited infarct size and cardiac enlargement after AMI. The formation of the inflammasome in the mouse heart during AMI causes additional loss of functional myocardium, leading to heart failure. Modulation of the inflammasome may therefore represent a unique therapeutic strategy to limit cell death and prevent heart failure after AMI.
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Project description:RATIONALE: Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a dynamic microRNA response with the potential of yielding therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify novel aberrantly expressed cardiac microRNAs post-MI with potential roles in adverse remodeling in a rat model, and to provide post-ischemic therapeutic inhibition of a candidate pathological microRNA in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Following microRNA array profiling in rat hearts 2 and 14days post-MI, we identified a time-dependent up-regulation of miR-31 compared to sham-operated rats. A progressive increase of miR-31 (up to 91.4±11.3 fold) was detected in the infarcted myocardium by quantitative real-time PCR. Following target prediction analysis, reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-31 targets the 3´UTR of cardiac troponin-T (Tnnt2), E2F transcription factor 6 (E2f6), mineralocorticoid receptor (Nr3c2) and metalloproteinase inhibitor 4 (Timp4) mRNAs. In vitro, hypoxia and oxidative stress up-regulated miR-31 and suppressed target genes in cardiac cell cultures, whereas LNA-based oligonucleotide inhibition of miR-31 (miR-31i) reversed its repressive effect on target mRNAs. Therapeutic post-ischemic administration of miR-31i in rats silenced cardiac miR-31 and enhanced expression of target genes, while preserving cardiac structure and function at 2 and 4weeks post-MI. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) improved by 10% (from day 2 to 30 post-MI) in miR-31i-treated rats, whereas controls receiving scrambled LNA inhibitor or placebo incurred a 17% deterioration in EF. miR-31i decreased end-diastolic pressure and infarct size; attenuated interstitial fibrosis in the remote myocardium and enhanced cardiac output. CONCLUSION: miR-31 induction after MI is deleterious to cardiac function while its therapeutic inhibition in vivo ameliorates cardiac dysfunction and prevents the development of post-ischemic adverse remodeling.
2017-09-05 | GSE81636 | GEO
Project description:Cardiac inflammation and fibrosis contribute significantly to hypertension-related adverse cardiac remodeling. IκB kinase β (IKK-β), a central coordinator of inflammation through activation of NF-κB, has been demonstrated as a key molecular link between inflammation and cardiovascular disease. However, the cell-specific contribution of IKK-β signaling toward adverse cardiac remodeling remains elusive. Cardiac fibroblasts are one of the most populous nonmyocyte cell types in the heart that play a key role in mediating cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. To investigate the function of fibroblast IKK-β, we generated inducible fibroblast-specific IKK-β-deficient mice. Here, we report an important role of IKK-β in the regulation of fibroblast functions and cardiac remodeling. Fibroblast-specific IKK-β-deficient male mice were protected from angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration. Ablation of fibroblast IKK-β inhibited angiotensin II-stimulated fibroblast proinflammatory and profibrogenic responses, leading to ameliorated cardiac remodeling and improved cardiac function in IKK-β-deficient mice. Findings from this study establish fibroblast IKK-β as a key factor regulating cardiac fibrosis and function in hypertension-related cardiac remodeling.
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Project description:RationaleStudies to dissect the role of calcineurin in pathological cardiac remodeling have relied heavily on murine models, in which genetic gain- and loss-of-function manipulations are initiated at or before birth. However, the great majority of clinical cardiac pathology occurs in adults. Yet nothing is known about the effects of calcineurin when its activation commences in adulthood. Furthermore, despite the fact that ventricular hypertrophy is a well-established risk factor for heart failure, the relative pace and progression of these 2 major phenotypic features of heart disease are unknown. Finally, even though therapeutic interventions in adults are designed to slow, arrest, or reverse disease pathogenesis, little is known about the capacity for spontaneous reversibility of calcineurin-dependent pathological remodeling.ObjectiveWe set out to address these 3 questions by studying mice engineered to harbor in cardiomyocytes a constitutively active calcineurin transgene driven by a tetracycline-responsive promoter element.Methods and resultsExpression of the mutant calcineurin transgene was initiated for variable lengths of time to determine the natural history of disease pathogenesis, and to determine when, if ever, these events are reversible. Activation of the calcineurin transgene in adult mice triggered rapid and robust cardiac growth with features characteristic of pathological hypertrophy. Concentric hypertrophy preceded the development of systolic dysfunction, fetal gene activation, fibrosis, and clinical heart failure. Furthermore, cardiac hypertrophy reversed spontaneously when calcineurin activity was turned off, and expression of fetal genes reverted to baseline. Fibrosis, a prominent feature of pathological cardiac remodeling, manifested partial reversibility.ConclusionsTogether, these data establish and define the deleterious effects of calcineurin signaling in the adult heart and reveal that calcineurin-dependent hypertrophy with concentric geometry precedes systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that during much of the disease process, calcineurin-dependent remodeling remains reversible.
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Project description:Macrophage-expressed coagulation factor 7 promotes adverse cardiac remodeling
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