Dataset Information

Effect of High-Legume Diet on Colorectal Cancer Risk

ABSTRACT: This study, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and Penn State University, will examine how a diet high in legumes (dried beans) influences risk factors for colon cancer and polyps. Many scientists believe that colon and rectal cancers develop from polyps (tumors of the lining of the large bowel). This study will test whether a high-legume diet can reduce levels of certain factors (blood insulin, blood glucose, and markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein) that at elevated levels are known to increase the risk of colorectal polyps and colon cancer. Healthy men between 35 and 75 years of age may be eligible for this study, conducted at Penn State University in University Park, Pennsylvania. Candidates are screened with blood tests and measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure. All candidates must have had a colonoscopy within 2 years of entering the study. They may or may not have had adenomas and may or may not be insulin-resistant. Candidates must not have cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or other serious medical condition, and they must have no history of colorectal cancer, polyp removal, bowel surgery, polyposis syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease. Participants undergo the following tests and procedures: * Caloric requirement testing: The subject’s resting metabolic rate is measured while fasting and in the early morning at rest to determine daily calorie requirement before beginning the study diet. A special clear plastic hood is placed over the subject’s head while his breathing is measured. He can communicate with the technician at all times during the 30-minute test. * Study diet: Subjects follow two required 4-week diets with a 3-week break in between, followed by an optional third 4-week diet. Subjects eat a healthy American diet for both of the required 4-week diet periods; about 1-1/2 cups of cooked legumes, such as pinto, baked, and navy beans are added to one of the two required diets. For the third (optional) diet period, subjects are given the same 1-1/2 cups of legumes, but are allowed to lose weight. Participants are given packages with all of the food they are to consume during the three diet periods. They may add up to five caffeine-containing beverages per day and up to two alcoholic drinks per week. They must eat all of the food they are given and only the food they are given. Subjects are expected to maintain a constant body weight during the two 4-week required diets, and their caloric intake may be increased or decreased as needed to maintain their screening weight. * Weight measurements: Subjects are weighed regularly at the clinic. * Blood samples: Subjects have blood samples drawn at the mid-point of each of the two required 4-week diets and at the beginning and end of each of the three 4-week diets. * Urine and stool samples: Urine and stool samples are collected at the beginning and end of the two required 4-week diets.

DISEASE(S): Diet,Insulin Resistance,Colorectal Neoplasms,Prevention And Control,Insulin,Colonic Neoplasms

PROVIDER: 2029934 | ecrin-mdr-crc |

REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Objective: This work aimed at identifying and characterizing differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) gene expression patterns between subjects succeeding weight control against subjects regaining weight 6 months after a low calorie diet program. Methods: Weight-reduced obese subjects from 8 European countries were randomized into 4 diets differing in protein and glycemic index. In addition to the anthropometric and plasma parameters, SAT biopsies were taken at the beginning (CID2) and the end (CID3) of the weight maintenance intervention. Pan-genomic cDNA microarrays were used to define SAT gene expression profiles at both CID2 and CID3 of 22 subjects succeeding weight maintenance (successful subjects; mean weight change= -2.6 ± 1.2 kg) and 22 subjects regaining weight (unsuccessful subjects; mean weight change= 3.9 ± 1.3 kg) among the 4 dietary arms. Results: Differences in SAT gene expression patterns between successful and unsuccessful groups were mainly due to weight variations rather to differences in diet macronutrient composition. An ANCOVA analysis with total energy intake at CID3 as covariant led us to the definition of 1339 differential genes. Functional analysis of differential genes showed that cellular growth and proliferation, inflammation, cell death, cancer, cellular function and maintenance were the main biological processes involving these differential genes. Overall design: SAT transcriptome was defined at the beginning (CID2) and at the end (CID3) of the dietary intervention program using a common reference design: Cyanine-5 dye was incorporated into all SAT samples, while a reference RNA pool made of the mix of commercial human liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle RNA was labeled with cyanine-3 dye. Samples were hybridized to Agilent 44K whole human genome microarrays. Evolution in gene expression patterns after dietary intervention was tested in terms of the ratio after/before dietary intervention (CID3/CID2) ratio.

Project description:Background: Despite the established relation between energy restriction and metabolic health, the most beneficial nutrient composition of a weight-loss diet is still subject of debate. Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the additional effects of nutrient quality on top of energy restriction(ER). Methods: A parallel-designed 12-week 25%ER dietary intervention study was conducted. Participants aged 40-70 years with abdominal obesity were randomized over three groups: a 25%ER high nutrient quality diet (n = 40); a 25%ER low nutrient quality diet (n = 40); or a habitual diet (n = 30). Both ER diets were nutritionally adequate, the high nutrient quality ER diet was enriched in monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and plant protein and reduced in fructose. Before and after the intervention intra-hepatic lipids, body fat distribution, fasting and postprandial responses to a mixed meal shake challenge test of cardio-metabolic risk factors, lipoproteins, vascular measurements, and adipose tissue transcriptome were assessed. Results: The high quality ER diet (-8.4 ± 3.2) induced 2.1 kg more weight loss (P = 0.007) than the low quality ER diet (-6.3 ± 3.9), reduced fasting serum total cholesterol (P = 0.014) and plasma triglycerides (P < 0.001), promoted an anti-atherogenic lipoprotein profile and induced a more pronounced decrease in adipose tissue gene expression of energy metabolism pathways than the low quality ER diet. Explorative analyses showed that the difference in weight loss between both ER diets were specifically present in insulin sensitive subjects (HOMA-IR ≤ 2.5), in whom the high nutrient quality diet induced 3.9 kg more weight loss than the low nutrient quality diet. Conclusion: A high nutrient quality 25%ER diet is more beneficial for cardiometabolic health than a low nutrient quality 25%ER diet. Overweight insulin sensitive subjects may benefit more from a high than a low nutrient quality ER diet with respect to weight loss, due to potential attenuation of glucose-induced lipid synthesis in adipose tissue. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02194504.

Dataset Information

Effect of High-Legume Diet on Colorectal Cancer Risk

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets