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Innovative Tools to Improve Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates in Manitoba

ABSTRACT: The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of a community-based nurse managed telephone support line (Provincial Health Contact Center; PHCC) and Colorectal Cancer Information and Screening Website in supporting Primary Care Providers (PCP) from Winnipeg, Manitoba (Canada) in their efforts to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) compliance in average risk men and women 50-74 years of age. Secondary outcomes of the study involve documenting and investigating common patient questions and comments about CRC and the FOBT during their PHCC communication(s)/Website visits as well as procuring feedback from PCP and patients related to their experiences with the study protocol (PCP), FOBT (patients) and PHCC/website (patients).

DISEASE(S): Colorectal Cancer,Colorectal Neoplasms

PROVIDER: 2081785 | ecrin-mdr-crc |

REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR

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Innovative Precision Gene-Editing Tools in Personalized Cancer Medicine.

Project description:The development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has spurred a successive wave of genome-engineering following zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and made gene-editing a promising strategy in the prevention and treatment of genetic diseases. However, gene-editing is not widely adopted in clinics due to some technical issues that challenge its safety and efficacy, and the lack of appropriate clinical regulations allowing them to advance toward improved human health without impinging on human ethics. By systematically examining the oncological applications of gene-editing tools and critical factors challenging their medical translation, genome-editing has substantial contributions to cancer driver gene discovery, tumor cell epigenome normalization, targeted delivery, cancer animal model establishment, and cancer immunotherapy and prevention in clinics. Gene-editing tools, epitomized by CRISPR, are predicted to represent a promising strategy toward the precise control of cancer initiation and development. However, some technical problems and ethical concerns are serious issues that need to be appropriately addressed before CRISPR can be incorporated into the next generation of molecular precision medicine. In this light, new technical developments to limit off-target effects are discussed herein, and the use of gene-editing approaches for treating otherwise incurable cancers is brought into focus.

| S-EPMC7312441 | biostudies-literature

Tissue chips - innovative tools for drug development and disease modeling.

Project description:The high rate of failure during drug development is well-known, however recent advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication have contributed to the development of microphysiological systems (MPS), or 'organs-on-chips' that recapitulate the function of human organs. These 'tissue chips' could be utilized for drug screening and safety testing to potentially transform the early stages of the drug development process. They can also be used to model disease states, providing new tools for the understanding of disease mechanisms and pathologies, and assessing effectiveness of new therapies. In the future, they could be used to test new treatments and therapeutics in populations - via clinical trials-on-chips - and individuals, paving the way for precision medicine. Here we will discuss the wide-ranging and promising future of tissue chips, as well as challenges facing their development.

| S-EPMC5621042 | biostudies-literature

Innovative Biocatalysts as Tools to Detect and Inactivate Nerve Agents.

Project description:Pesticides and warfare nerve agents are frequently organophosphates (OPs) or related compounds. Their acute toxicity highlighted more than ever the need to explore applicable strategies for the sensing, decontamination and/or detoxification of these compounds. Herein, we report the use of two different thermostable enzyme families capable to detect and inactivate OPs. In particular, mutants of carboxylesterase-2 from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and of phosphotriesterase-like lactonases from Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, have been selected and assembled in an optimized format for the development of an electrochemical biosensor and a decontamination formulation, respectively. The features of the developed tools have been tested in an ad-hoc fabricated chamber, to mimic an alarming situation of exposure to a nerve agent. Choosing ethyl-paraoxon as nerve agent simulant, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4?nM, after 5?s of exposure time was obtained. Furthermore, an optimized enzymatic formulation was used for a fast and efficient environmental detoxification (>99%) of the nebulized nerve agent simulants in the air and on surfaces. Crucial, large-scale experiments have been possible thanks to production of grams amounts of pure (>90%) enzymes.

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tmRNADB

Project description:The tmRNA Website

| PRJEB4570 | ENA

Innovative Tools for Mechanobiology: Unraveling Outside-In and Inside-Out Mechanotransduction.

Project description:Cells and tissues can sense and react to the modifications of the physico-chemical properties of the extracellular environment (ECM) through integrin-based adhesion sites and adapt their physiological response in a process called mechanotransduction. Due to their critical localization at the cell-ECM interface, transmembrane integrins are mediators of bidirectional signaling, playing a key role in "outside-in" and "inside-out" signal transduction. After presenting the basic conceptual fundamentals related to cell mechanobiology, we review the current state-of-the-art technologies that facilitate the understanding of mechanotransduction signaling pathways. Finally, we highlight innovative technological developments that can help to advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying nuclear mechanotransduction.

| S-EPMC6646473 | biostudies-literature

Sphingobium chlorophenolicum Confronts the Stresses Associated with Pentachlorophenol and Four Toxic Downstream Metabolites to Utilize a Suboptimal Nutrient Source [Tn-Seq]

Project description:Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a highly toxic pesticide that was first introduced in the 1930s. The a-proteobacterium Sphingobium chlorophenolicum, which was isolated from PCP-contaminated sediment, has assembled a metabolic pathway capable of mineralizing PCP. Interestingly, this pathway produces four toxic intermediates, which include a chlorinated benzoquinone that is a potent alkylating agent and three chlorinated hydroquinones that produce reactive oxygen species and benzoquinones upon reaction with O2. We sought to identify how the cell tolerates the onslaught of toxic effects associated with these intermediates. RNA-Seq and Tn-Seq were used to probe the response of S. chlorophenolicum to PCP as well as the stresses associated with its exposure and degradation. The results demonstrate that PCP exposure causes dissipation of the proton-motive force and perturbation of the cell envelope, and the downstream intermediates cause oxidative stress. However, the transcriptional response to PCP degradation far exceeds what is actually needed and, for many genes, is actually counter-productive. Prevention of PCP degradation by deletion of the transcriptional regulator, pcpR, increases growth rate in rich medium. These data suggest that, although PCP degradation allows access to a novel nutrient, the benefit of degrading it depends upon the availability of other resources. When resources are abundant, the detrimental effects of the toxic intermediates may outweigh the benefit of the carbon and energy that can be obtained by degrading PCP. However, when resources are scarce, degradation of PCP may provide access to a novel source of carbon and energy as well as detoxification of this anthropogenic pollutant.

2018-11-01 | GSE114148 | GEO

Sphingobium chlorophenolicum Confronts the Stresses Associated with Pentachlorophenol and Four Toxic Downstream Metabolites to Utilize a Suboptimal Nutrient Source [RNA-seq]

2018-11-01 | GSE114123 | GEO

PICU mngs PCP

Project description:PICU mngs PCP

| PRJEB59277 | ENA

Transcriptome Analysis of the Impact of Dexamethasone on the Immune Response in Mice with Pneumocystis Infection

Project description:Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infectious disease prevalent in immunosuppressive host. Corticosteroids treatment is the most significant risk factor for HIV-negative patients with PCP, though little is known about how corticosteroids alters the host defense against Pneumocystis infection. In the present study, we used transcriptomic analysis to examine the immune response in the lung of dexamethasone-treated PCP mice and compare the immune reaction of them with those without dexamethasone treatment.

2016-05-03 | GSE80975 | GEO

Exploration of microarrays as tools to assess substantial equivalence of genetically modified soybeans

Project description:According to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Health Canada, genetically modified crops are considered safe if they are substantially equivalent to a conventional crop in regards to agronomic, physiological and compositional characteristics. A recurring issue in safety assessment of genetically modified crops is the paucity of analytical methods to detect unintended or unexpected outcomes of genetic modification. Traditional targeted compound comparative analyses are limited in scope and capacity to detect unintended changes in chemical composition. This study explored the potential of using microarray technology to assess the substantial equivalence of gene expression profiles between genetically modified and conventional soybean cultivars. Different pre processing methods were applied to the raw expression data from the arrays, and clustering methods were used to try and differentiate the genetically modified cultivars from the conventional cultivars. Results showed that more variation existed between different strains of conventional cultivars than between conventional and genetically modified cultivars. For more information, please see: Cheng, K.C., Beaulieu, J., Iquira, E., Belzile, F.J., Fortin, M.G. and Strömvik, M.V. (2008). Effect of transgenes on global gene expression in soybean is within the natural range of variation of their conventional counterparts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Keywords: Expression comparison between genetically modified cultivars

2008-04-15 | GSE9374 | GEO

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