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Safety & Effectiveness of Nurse Performed Colonoscopies Under Supervision

ABSTRACT: There is no theoretical or practical reason why non-medical personnel such as nurses could not be trained to perform diagnostic colonoscopy with comparable proficiency as medical endoscopists. Nurse endoscopists have been widely accepted in the United Kingdom for the past 15 years as a valuable resource to cope with the increasing demand for endoscopic service, in particular diagnostic colonoscopy for colorectal screening. A pilot study performed in Hong Kong in 2008 has shown that endoscopy nurses can be trained to perform diagnostic endoscopy safely and reliably. This study aims to demonstrate that properly trained nurse endoscopists have a comparable proficiency in performing colonoscopy procedures as their medical counterparts.

DISEASE(S): Colorectal Cancer,Colorectal Neoplasms

PROVIDER: 2150125 | ecrin-mdr-crc |

REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR

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Project description:While Apis cerana cerana, like Apis mellifera, undergoes a behavioral transition from in-hive nursing to outdoor foraging duties, nothing is known about the genes underlying this social signal-triggered aged-related transition in this species. Here, we simultaneously sequenced the head transcriptomes of the 7-day-old normal nurses (N7BY), 18- and 22-day-old normal foragers (N18CJ and N22CJ), 7-day-old precocious foragers (Tq7CJ) and 22-day-old overaged or reverted nurses (Tq22BY) of A. cerana cerana by RNA-seq and made a 3-tier comparison (from pairwise to group-wise and between-group) to unravel the genes associated with this transition. Six pairwise comparisons revealed 165-492 differentially expressed genes between nurses vs. foragers. Subsequent 3 group-wise and 1 between-group comparisons narrowed the transition-associated genes down to 18 nurse- and 41 forager-unique genes and 29 (14 and 15 genes upregulated in nurses and foragers, respectively) differentially expressed genes between the 3 types of foragers and 2 types of nurses. The uniquely expressed genes are usually low-abundance long noncoding RNAs, transcription factors, transcription coactivators, RNA-binding proteins, kinases or phosphatases involved in signaling transduction and/or gene expression regulation, whereas the differentially expressed genes are often high-abundance downstream genes that directly perform the tasks of nurses or foragers, such as major royal jelly proteins for nurses and the genes involved in sugar/protein digestion, lipids/fatty acids metabolism, plant allelochemicals detoxification and defense against pathogens and predators for foragers. Mapping of the clean reads to the published A. mellifera genome uncovered that the 3 types of foragers had a greater percentage of reads from annotated exons and intergenic regions, whereas the 2 types of nurses had a greater percentage of reads from introns. Taken together, these results suggest that the reciprocal nurse-forager behavioral transition of the A. cerana cerana is regulated by a social signal-triggered intron-exon/intergenic epigenetic shift and the resulted transcriptional shift of the nurse- and forager-associated genes.

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Safety & Effectiveness of Nurse Performed Colonoscopies Under Supervision

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