Prediction of Gastric Cancer in Intestinal Metaplasia and Atrophic Gastritis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
DISEASE(S): Intestinal Metaplasia,Atrophy,Metaplasia,Atrophic Gastritis,Gastric Cancer,Gastritis, Atrophic,Stomach Neoplasms,Gastritis
PROVIDER: 2373934 | ecrin-mdr-crc |
REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR
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Project description:Background: Nodular gastritis (NG) is characterized by marked antral lymphoid follicle formation, and is a strong risk factor for diffuse-type gastric cancer in adults. However, it is unknown whether aberrant DNA methylation, which is induced by atrophic gastritis (AG) and is a risk for gastric cancer, is induced by NG. Here, we analyzed methylation induction by NG. Methods: Gastric mucosal samples were obtained from non-cancerous antral tissues of 16 NG and 20 AG patients with gastric cancer and 5 NG and 6 AG patients without, all age- and gender-matched. Genome-wide methylation analysis and expression analysis were conducted by a BeadChip array and RNA-sequencing, respectively. Results: Clustering analysis of non-cancerous antral tissues of NG and AG patients with gastric cancer was conducted using methylation levels of 585 promoter CpG islands (CGIs) of methylation-resistant genes, and a large fraction of NG samples formed a cluster with strong methylation induction. Promoter CGIs of CDH1 and DAPK1 tumor-suppressor genes were more methylated in NG than in AG. Notably, methylation levels of these genes were also higher in the antrum of NG patients without cancer. Genes related to lymphoid follicle formation, such as CXCL13/CXCR5 and CXCL12/CXCR4, had higher expression in NG, and genes involved in DNA demethylation TET2 and IDH1, had only half the expression in NG. Conclusions: Severe aberrant methylation, involving multiple tumor-suppressor genes, was induced in the gastric antrum and body of patients with NG, in accordance with their high gastric cancer risk.
2024-08-27 | GSE211463 | GEO
Project description:We identified several hub genes and key pathways associated with GC and IM initiation and progression by analyzing the DEGs, which provided a detailed molecular mechanism underlying GC and IM occurrence and progression.
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Project description:Background: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a pre-cancerous stage spanning a morphological spectrum that is poorly represented by human cell line models.
Objective: We aim to establish and characterize human IM cell models to better understand IM progression along the cancer spectrum.
Design: A large human gastric IM organoid (IMO) cohort (n=28), their clonal derivatives and normal gastric organoids (n=42) for comparison were established. Comprehensive multi-omics profiling and functional characterization were performed.
Results: Single-cell transcriptomes revealed IMO cells spanning a spectrum from hybrid gastric/intestinal to advanced intestinal differentiation. Their lineage trajectories connected different cycling and quiescent stem and progenitors, highlighting differences in gastric to IM transition and the potential origin of IM from STMN1 cycling isthmus stem cells. Hybrid IMOs showed impaired differentiation potential, high lineage plasticity beyond gastric or intestinal fates, and reactivation of a fetal gene program.
Cell populations in gastric IM and cancer tissues were highly similar to those derived from IMOs and exhibited a fetal signature. Genomically, IMOs showed elevated mutation burden, frequent chromosome 20 gain, and epigenetic de-regulation of many intestinal and gastric genes. Functionally, IMOs were FGF10 independent and showed downregulated FGFR2. Several IMOs exhibited a cell-matrix adhesion independent (CMi) subpopulation that displayed chromosome 20 gain but lacked key cancer driver mutations, potentially representing the earliest neoplastic precursor of IM-induced gastric cancer.
Conclusions: Overall, our IM organoid biobank captured the heterogeneous nature of IM, revealing mechanistic insights on IM pathogenesis and progression, offering an ideal platform for studying early gastric neoplastic transformation and chemoprevention.
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Project description:Background & Aims: Tissue metaplasia is uncommon in adults because established cis-element programs resist rewiring. In Barrett’s esophagus, the distal esophageal mucosa acquires predominantly intestinal character, with notable gastric features, and is predisposed to develop invasive cancers. We sought to understand the chromatin underpinnings of Barrett’s metaplasia and why it commonly displays simultaneous gastric and intestinal properties. Methods: We profiled cis-regulatory elements with active histone modifications in primary human biopsy materials using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq). Mutations in Barrett’s esophagus were examined in relation to tissue-specific enhancer landscapes using a random-forest machine learning algorithm. We also profiled open chromatin at single-cell resolution in primary Barrett’s biopsy specimens using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC-seq). We used one- and two-color immunohistochemistry to examine protein expression of tissue-restricted genes. Results: Barrett’s esophagus bears epigenome fingerprints of human stomach and intestinal columnar, but not esophageal squamous, epithelia. Mutational patterns were best explained as arising on the epigenome background of active gastric cis-elements, supporting the view that adjoining stomach epithelium is a likely tissue source. Individual cells in Barrett’s metaplasia co-express gastric and intestinal genes, reflecting concomitant chromatin access at enhancers ordinarily restricted to one or the other epithelium. Protein expression of stomach-specific mucins, CLDN18, and a novel gastric marker, ANXA10, revealed extensive tissue and sub-clonal heterogeneity of dual stomach-intestinal cell states. Conclusions: These findings reveal mixed and dynamic tissue-restricted chromatin states and phenotypic heterogeneity in Barrett’s esophagus. Pervasive intra-gland variation argues against stem-cell governance of this phenotype.
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Project description:Using RNA sequencing, we profile transcriptome dervied from human normal gastric, intestinal and IM organoids.
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Project description:Reflux of bile acids and subsequent caudal-related homeobox 2 (CDX2) activation contribute to gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM), which is a precursor of gastric cancer. However, the underlying mechanism by which bile acids cause this is not entirely clear. Here we demonstrated that alkylation repair homolog protein 5 (ALKBH5), which is a major RNA N6-adenosine demethylase, was required for bile acid-induced gastric IM. Mechanistically, we revealed the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification profile in gastric IM for the first time and identified ZNF333 as a bona fide m6A target of ALKBH5. ALKBH5 was shown to demethylate ZNF333 mRNA, leading to enhanced ZNF333 expression by abolishing m6A-YTHDF2-dependent mRNA degradation. In addition, ALKBH5 activated CDX2 and downstream intestinal markers by targeting the ZNF333/CYLD axis and activating NF-κB signaling. Reciprocally, p65, which is the key transcription factor of the canonical NF-κB pathway, enhanced the transcription activity of ALKBH5 in the nucleus, thus forming a positive feed-forward circuit. In addition, ALKBH5 levels were positively correlated with ZNF333 and CDX2 in IM tissues, indicating a significant clinical relevance. Collectively, our findings suggest an m6A modification-associated positive feed-forward loop between ALKBH5 and NF-κB signaling is involved in the generation of the IM phenotype from gastric epithelial cells. Targeting the ALKBH5/ZNF333/CYLD/CDX2 axis might be a useful therapeutic strategy for gastric IM in patients with bile regurgitation.
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Project description:Metaplasia of the gastric epithelia (intestinal metaplasia, IM) is a pre-malignant lesion associated with increased gastric cancer (GC) risk.
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