Bowel cancer screening information: your response
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
DISEASE(S): Bowel Cancer
PROVIDER: 2423005 | ecrin-mdr-crc |
REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR
Similar Datasets
Project description:Background and study aims
Bowel cancer screening uptake has traditionally been lower than the government would like it to be. As screening can spot early signs of cancer and even stop bowel cancer from occurring, the public health service would like to improve screening rates.
This study aims to test a set of new, evidence-based materials, informed by psychological theory, to increase the return of the stool-based bowel cancer screening kit the NHS uses, in the North East region of England.
Who can participate?
Adults age 60 – 74 years eligible for bowel cancer screening
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to one of four groups. All participants are sent an initial invitation letter for bowel cancer screening and the standard NHS information booklet.
Those in the first group receive an intervention pack four days after the letter, with an information sheet and short paper based task encouraging them to connect barriers likely to be encountered with effective responses. They receive the bowel cancer screening test four days later.
Participants in the second group receive an intervention pack containing the information sheet and a motivational leaflet. They receive the screening kit in the post four days later.
Participants in the third group receive both of the above intervention packs in the post four days after the initial letter, before the screening kit four days later.
Participants in the last group receive no additional information, and get a screening kit in the post eight days after the initial letter.
| 2416973 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Background and study aims
Bowel cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the UK. Early diagnosis improves survival and in light of this the NHS established the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP). This Programme offers screening using a stool testing kit (the faecal occult blood test) to 60-74 year olds. Data from 2012 shows that only 53% of those offered screening take it up and that this varies from more than 60% in the most socially advantaged areas of the country to less than 35% in the most disadvantaged areas. This study aims to increase uptake in the BCSP, and to reduce differences in uptake between the most and least socially advantaged groups, whilst ensuring that uptake does not decline in any socioeconomic (SE) group. The study will test whether or not receiving an endorsement from your GP at the same time that you receive a kit as part of the BCSP is likely to increase uptake and/or reduce SE inequalities.
Who can participate?
Individuals who are routinely invited for screening in the BCSP (age 60-74 with a registered GP).
What does the study involve?
Participants will be randomly allocated either to receive an invitation letter with a GP endorsement or the standard letter currently sent out by the BCSP without an endorsement.
| 2408955 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Background and study aims
The NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) offers a stool test every 2 years which checks for the presence of blood as this may indicate bowel cancer or something that may develop into cancer over time. From June 2019, the BCSP began using a new stool test called FIT, which quantifies how much blood, if any, is present. If the FIT result gives a level above a certain number or threshold, the patient is referred for a more invasive examination. This threshold can be set at any level, but in general, the lower the FIT threshold, the more sensitive the test, resulting in more bowel cancers being detected. Therefore, the optimal FIT threshold must balance the benefits of detecting potential cancers early versus the risk and costs of undergoing more invasive investigations.
The main aim of this study is to determine if using a low-threshold FIT compared to the higher-threshold FIT used in the BCSP will reduce the number of bowel cancer cases. This is important because if the study shows that low-threshold FIT reduces the number of bowel cancers and subsequent deaths, and is cost-effective, a strong case could be made to lower the FIT threshold used in the BCSP. This would mean that everyone taking part in screening would benefit from a more sensitive test.
Who can participate?
Men and women aged 60-66 who are eligible for FIT screening through the English BCSP
What does the study involve?
Participants will be recruited through the BCSP and randomly allocated to either a low- or the standard higher-threshold FIT used in the BCSP. Recruited participants will complete their bowel cancer screening as normal. Over a 10-year period, the researchers will examine data from up to five FITs per person to determine how much more effective low-threshold FIT is at reducing the number of bowel cancers and subsequent deaths from this disease.
| 2423055 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is among the leading causes of death in the U.S. Ethnic differences in T2D prevalence are evident, including especially for Native Hawaiians (NHs) who remain disproportionately affected by it. This difference in T2D susceptibility involves an interplay between genetic and environmental factors, of which epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm) provide a novel approach to investigating gene-environment interactions of health and disease. Monocytes, an innate immune cell intrinsic to the inflammatory response, are a fundamental immune cell component that likely underlies T2D pathogenesis, given their involvement in inflammation and inflammation-associated insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. From participants enrolled into the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), who self-identified as NH (n=152), Japanese American (JA; n=119), or White (n=121), we investigated monocyte-specific DNAm patterns in participants at a baseline visit, when free of T2D, using the HumanMethylation850K (850K) to determine whether monocytes harbor an ethnic-specific epigenetic signature of T2D risk that precedes T2D diagnosis. Using an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), we found 904 significantly (q < 0.01) differentially methylated loci (DML) at a 5% difference in DNAm between participants who remained T2D free at a 15-year follow-up (i.e., controls) and those that would be diagnosed with T2D by follow-up (i.e., incident T2D) after adjusted for age, sex, and education level. These methylation differences were enriched at regulatory regions of the genome, including intergenic and intragenic regions. Notably, these DML were able to distinctly stratify NHs by T2D risk groups, however, this signature was inapparent in Whites and JAs. Likewise, NHs in the incident T2D group displayed a higher degree of DNAm variability. Sensitivity analysis with traditional risk factors (fasting glucose and body mass index [BMI]) and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) found these risk factors had minimal effect on T2D risk-associated DML. Next, using a similar approach we found ethnic-specific DML in monocytes that was able to uniquely stratify NHs, JAs, and Whites, however, in NHs this epigenetic landscape displayed a higher degree of DNAm variability. Similarly, these DML were enriched at regulatory regions of the genome. In both cases, we found genes associated with biological functions and pathways relevant to monocyte functionality, including immune activation and cellular metabolism. Due to the higher degree of epigenetic variability in NHs, including especially NHs with T2D risk, we investigated differentially variable CpGs associated with T2D risk and ethnic-differences. We found differentially variable CpGs between T2D risk groups were able to stratify NHs with and without T2D risk, whereas it was unresolvable in JAs and Whites. Ethnic-specific DNAm variability clustered each ethnic population distinctly, and NH controls were further partitioned from NHs with T2D risk. Our findings suggest monocytes harbor a unique DNAm signature associated with T2D risk, which may be related to ethnic differences that underlie DNAm variability in monocytes. The increased epigenetic variability in monocytes from NHs may underlie epigenetic plasticity that could allow these cells to readily respond to adverse environmental conditions throughout the life course that may underlie long-term disease risk, whereas in other less susceptible populations with similar environmental exposure, this epigenetic plasticity may not be apparent in monocytes.
2024-06-22 | GSE270223 | GEO
Project description:The complement system is an important part of the innate defense against invading pathogens. The ability to resist complement-mediated killing is considered to be an important virulence trait for the human-restricted respiratory tract pathogen M. catarrhalis, as most disease-associated M. catarrhalis isolates are complement-resistant. Here we studied the molecular basis of M. catarrhalis complement-resistance by transcriptome profiling upon exposure to 10% normal human serum (NHS). After 1h exposure of M. catarrhalis BBH18 to 10% NHS (n = 5) or the NHS dilution buffer alone (control, n = 5), total RNA was isolated and labeled cDNA was generated according to standard Nimblegen gene expression array protocols and hybridized to 4x72K Nimblegen M. catarrhalis expression arrays for read-out.
2014-06-23 | E-GEOD-52552 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background and study aims
Colorectal, or bowel cancer, is very common. However, if detected at an early stage, it can be easier to treat and led to a much better chance of survival. The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a screening test for bowel cancer that tests for hidden blood in the stool. Blood in the stool can be an early sign of the disease. This study is investigating a new FIT screening test called FIT HM-Jackarc. It compares how this test performs against the test that is in routine use (FIT OC-Sensor Diana).
Who can participate?
Adults aged between 50-75.
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to one of two groups. One group is screened for colorectal cancer using FIT HM-Jackarc. The other group is screened for colorectal cancer using FIT OC-Sensor Diana.
All participants from both groups receive an invitation kit though the post. This includes a consent form for them to sign and a leaflet describing the study. They are asked to store their stool sample at
4°C and send it back to the laboratory using the pre-paid envelope provided. The analyses are performed by experienced laboratory medicine professionals. Participants found to have hidden blood in their stool undergo a colonoscopy (a procedure where a camera is used to look at the inside of the bowel).
| 2413546 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Interventions: The intervention group will receive a one-off individual intervention delivered in the primary care clinic.
The intervention will involve the following:
In the waiting room, a research assistant will provide intervention participants with an envelope prior to their GP appointment. The envelope will contain: a) a faecal occult blood test kit with: instructions for completion; pathology request form, and: pre-paid postage to mail the kit for analysis.
b) A feedback sheet containing screening recommendations for those at average risk of colorectal cancer (including recommended: age to commence screening; screening test; frequency of testing). The sheet will also include methods to obtain FOBT as well as what to do with the FOBT provided.
The research assistant will deliver the survey and for eligible patients will complete the pathology form but will not provide any medical advice or endorse completion of the intervention.
The general practitioner will endorse the FOBT during the patient’s appointment. The GP will reinforce the importance of completing the FOBT and recommend the patient complete the FOBT using a script provided by the research team during a pre-study training session.
Primary outcome(s): Uptake of FOBT screening will be assessed via self-report in the intervention and usual care groups.[6 weeks post baseline]
Study Design: Purpose: Prevention; Allocation: Randomised controlled trial; Masking: Open (masking not used);Assignment: Parallel;Type of endpoint: Efficacy
| 2464342 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Different osteoprogenitors (SSC, BCSP, Thy+) were sorted after 2 days of JUN induction, followed by RNA extraction and microarray analysis
2020-02-07 | GSE144829 | GEO
Project description:Background and study aims
Bowel cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in England. Bowel scope screening (BSS) can prevent bowel cancer by removing pre-cancerous growths within the bowel before they become cancerous. Previous research has shown that BSS can lower a person’s risk of getting bowel cancer by a third and their risk of dying from bowel cancer by half. The NHS in England now offers BSS to 55 year olds registered with a general practice (GP), but uptake is low, particularly in more deprived areas. The aim of this study is to find out whether GP practice based interventions can increase uptake of BSS in Hull and other parts of Yorkshire.
Who can participate?
People aged 55 due to receive their NHS BSS invitation (identified through GPs)
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to one of three groups:
1. Usual care: no contact from GPs
2. Primer and self-referral letter: A letter advising of the future delivery of a BSS invitation is sent by the participant’s GP, along with a locally tailored leaflet explaining the test. If the practice receives notice that an individual did not attend their appointment, a letter highlighting the self-referral process is sent.
3. Primer and patient navigation: As above, a letter and leaflet are sent ahead of the NHS BSS invitation. If the practice receives notice that an individual did not attend their appointment, a call to the participant is made to identify and address personal barriers to uptake and, if appropriate, help arrange a new appointment. If no telephone contact is possible, a self-referral letter is sent.
Screening attendance is monitored and compared between the groups.
| 2411894 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:The purpose of this study was to identify changes in platelet mRNA that result from exposure to antiplatelet therapy. A total of 84 healthy volunteers were recruited into a longitudinal study of various antiplatelet exposures with 58 completing all study visits. This was a 5 visit study where each visit was separated by ~ 4 weeks. At each Visit purified platelets using a CD45 negative selection protocol was performed in addition to platelet function testing using light transmittance aggregometry (ADP, EPI, and Collagen) and PFA100 (Col/EPI). After the baseline visit (V1), participants were randomized to receive 81mg/day or 325mg/day aspirin x 4 weeks followed by Visit 2. Participants then crossed over to the alternative dose of aspirin for 4 weeks followed by Visit 3. Between Visits 3 and 4 participants washed out their aspirin for 4 weeks. The final exposure was ticagrelor 90mg twice daily x 4 weeks until Visit 5.
2022-03-14 | GSE158765 | GEO