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4D Positron Emission Tomography/Computerised Tomography (PET/CT) in Liver Surgical Planning

ABSTRACT: Interventions: A standard whole body PET/CT scan will be performed first. This involves a patient lying on a scanning table for around 20 mins while breathing normally. The patient will recieve CT and a PET scan from the base of the brain to thighs. Then at the conclusion of the whole body PET/CT scan the patient will be administered with IV contrast and asked to hold their breath while a high quality CT scan of the liver is acquired taking about 30 seconds. Once the contrast CT scan has concluded the patient will be instructed to breath normally again and a 10 minute gated PET scan of the liver will be acquired. Primary outcome(s): To determine the number of positive liver metastases on contrast enhanced respiratory gated 4D PET/CT scanning compared to conventional ungated whole body PET/CT without contrast-enhanced CT.[At the time of PET/CT scan] Study Design: Purpose: Diagnosis; Allocation: Non-randomised trial; Masking: Open (masking not used);Assignment: Single group;Type of endpoint: Efficacy

DISEASE(S): Cancer-bowel-back Passage (rectum) Or Large Bowel (colon),Colorectal Liver Metastases,Cancer-liver

PROVIDER: 2456821 | ecrin-mdr-crc |

REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR

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Low density granulocytes and their gene signature associate with vascular inflammation and coronary atheroclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Project description:Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display an increased risk of cardiovascular disease that is not fully explained by traditional risk factors. This study correlated RNA sequencing data from whole blood of patients with SLE and healthy controls with markers of cardiovascular risk including coronary plaque measured by CT angiogram and vascular inflammation by FDG-PET CT.

2018-05-09 | GSE110685 | GEO

Protocol for Imaging in Takayasu's Arteritis

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Complement pathway gene activation and rising circulating immune complexes characterize early disease in HIV-associated tuberculosis

Project description:Analysis of transcriptional differences between HIV infected persons with evidence of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection by Quantiferon Gold-in-tube, with and without evidence of subclinical TB disease on FDG-PET/CT scan. Tuberculosis is classically divided into two clinical states: latent infection and active disease. One-quarter of the global population is considered latently infected but diagnostic tests poorly predict the small proportion that will progress to disease. We recruited 35 asymptomatic, HIV-1 infected adults with latent TB by current diagnostic criteria, who underwent [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission/computed tomography; ten had pulmonary abnormalities consistent with subclinical disease and were significantly more likely to progress. As positive control, we recruited 15 HIV-1 infected adults with symptomatic microbiologically confirmed active pulmonary TB, age, sex and CD4 matched to the 35 participants undergoing FDG-PET/CT. By whole-blood transcriptomic profiling we characterised 82-transcripts distinguishing those with subclinical pathology from those without. Transcripts representing the classical complement pathway were overabundant in both subclinical and active TB. We have demonstrated that latent TB is not a homogenous condition and defined a distinct high-risk subgroup with evidence of subclinical disease. These findings point the way to the future development of more predictive diagnostic tests.

2018-01-01 | GSE69581 | GEO

Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Scanning Before Surgery in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Breast Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, or Head and Neck Cancer

Project description:RATIONALE: Diagnostic procedures, such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning before surgery, may help measure the extent of disease. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying PET/CT scanning before surgery in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, or head and neck cancer.

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Distinct Chromatin Scanning Modes Lead to Targeting of Compacted Chromatin by Pioneer Factors FOXA1 and SOX2 [Mnase-seq]

Project description:Pioneer transcription factors, by interacting with nucleosomes, scan silent, compact chromatin to target regulatory sequences, enabling cooperative binding events that modulate local chromatin structure and gene activity. However, not all cognate motifs are targeted by pioneer factors and dynamic scanning parameters required to scan compact chromatin are unknown. A combined genomics and single-molecule tracking approach shows that to target DNase-resistant, low-histone turnover sites, pioneer factors FOXA1 and SOX2 display opposite dynamics of chromatin scanning: slow, with low nucleoplasmic diffusion and stable interactions, versus fast, with high nucleoplasmic diffusion and transient interactions, respectively. Despite such differences, the ability of FOXA1 and SOX2 to scan low-mobility chromatin, mediated by protein domains outside of the respective DNA binding domains, leads to targeting silent chromatin. By contrast, non-pioneer HNF4A predominantly targets DNase-sensitive, nucleosome-depleted regions. We conclude that the targeting of compact chromatin sites by pioneer factors can be performed through diverse dynamic processes. Micrococcol nuclease digestion and sequencing (MNase-seq) of human BJ fibroblasts

2023-06-07 | GSE220569 | GEO

68Ga-FAPI PET imaging assesses tumor immunity and guides TGF-β inhibition to sensitize metastatic colorectal cancer to immunotherapy

Project description:BACKGROUND. Improving and predicting tumor response to immunotherapy remains challenging. Combination therapy with a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) inhibitor that targets cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is promising to enhance efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. However, the effect of this approach in clinical trials is limited, requiring in vivo methods to better assess tumor responses to combination therapy. METHODS. We measure CAFs in vivo using gallium 68-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI) for PET/CT imaging to guide TGF-β inhibition and sensitize metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) to immunotherapy. A total of 131 patients with metastatic CRC underwent 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT imaging. Fourteen patients underwent surgery after the imaging. Relationship between uptake of 68Ga-FAPI and tumor immunity was analyzed. Mouse cohorts of metastatic CRC were treated with TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR) inhibitor combined with KN046 which blocks PD-L1 and CTLA4, followed with 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG micro-PET/CT imaging to assess tumor responses. RESULTS. Patients with metastatic CRC demonstrated high uptakes of 68Ga-FAPI, along with suppressive tumor immunity and poor prognosis. TGF-βR inhibitor enhanced tumor infiltrating T cells and significantly sensitized metastatic CRC to KN046. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging accurately monitored the dynamical changes of CAFs and tumor response to combined TGF-βR inhibitor with immunotherapy. CONCLUSION. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging is powerful in assessing tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy in metastatic CRC. This study supports future clinical application of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT to stratify and guide patients with CRC for precise TGF-β inhibition plus immunotherapy, recommending 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG dual PET/CT for CRC management.

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Distinct Chromatin Scanning Modes Lead to Targeting of Compacted Chromatin by Pioneer Factors FOXA1 and SOX2 [Cut&Run]

Project description:Pioneer transcription factors, by interacting with nucleosomes, scan silent, compact chromatin to target regulatory sequences, enabling cooperative binding events that modulate local chromatin structure and gene activity. However, not all cognate motifs are targeted by pioneer factors and dynamic scanning parameters required to scan compact chromatin are unknown. A combined genomics and single-molecule tracking approach shows that to target DNase-resistant, low-histone turnover sites, pioneer factors FOXA1 and SOX2 display opposite dynamics of chromatin scanning: slow, with low nucleoplasmic diffusion and stable interactions, versus fast, with high nucleoplasmic diffusion and transient interactions, respectively. Despite such differences, the ability of FOXA1 and SOX2 to scan low-mobility chromatin, mediated by protein domains outside of the respective DNA binding domains, leads to targeting silent chromatin. By contrast, non-pioneer HNF4A predominantly targets DNase-sensitive, nucleosome-depleted regions. We conclude that the targeting of compact chromatin sites by pioneer factors can be performed through diverse dynamic processes. Cleavage under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) of SOX2 and SOX2-DBD after ectopic expression in BJ fibroblasts.

2023-06-07 | GSE220568 | GEO

A Pilot Study Of Ga-68-DOTA-TOC Imaging In Participants With Small Bowel Carcinoid Tumors

Project description:This research study is designed to evaluate a type of scan called Ga-68-DOTA-TOC positron emission tomography (PET) scanning as a way of assessing carcinoid tumors.

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Distinct Chromatin Scanning Modes Lead to Targeting of Compacted Chromatin by Pioneer Factors FOXA1 and SOX2 [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Pioneer transcription factors, by interacting with nucleosomes, scan silent, compact chromatin to target regulatory sequences, enabling cooperative binding events that modulate local chromatin structure and gene activity. However, not all cognate motifs are targeted by pioneer factors and dynamic scanning parameters required to scan compact chromatin are unknown. A combined genomics and single-molecule tracking approach shows that to target DNase-resistant, low-histone turnover sites, pioneer factors FOXA1 and SOX2 display opposite dynamics of chromatin scanning: slow, with low nucleoplasmic diffusion and stable interactions, versus fast, with high nucleoplasmic diffusion and transient interactions, respectively. Despite such differences, the ability of FOXA1 and SOX2 to scan low-mobility chromatin, mediated by protein domains outside of the respective DNA binding domains, leads to targeting silent chromatin. By contrast, non-pioneer HNF4A predominantly targets DNase-sensitive, nucleosome-depleted regions. We conclude that the targeting of compact chromatin sites by pioneer factors can be performed through diverse dynamic processes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation DNA-sequencing (ChIP-seq) for HNF4A, FOXA1, FOXA1-DBD, FOXA1-NHAA, FOXA1-RRAA, as well as H2B-HALO after ectopic expression in human BJ fibroblast cells.

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