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Effects of Pilates exercise on functional capacity, cancer-related fatigue, depression, salivary cortisol and quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT: Interventions: Recruitment All colorectal cancer survivors who were treated and completed treatment at both study sites that met the eligibility criteria are recruited using convenience sampling. The comparability of the variables s is carried out to determine whether the study populations in both groups are similar. Next, the participants from Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz will be allocated to the intervention group and participants from Hospital University Technology MARA will become the control group. Intervention The intervention group will perform Pilates exercises with a certified Pilates instructor for 60 minutes 3 sessions per week for eight weeks. The Pilates exercise programme is a moderate-intensity exercise with a heart rate maximum is 50-60% (Algayer et al. 2008) and corresponding to a rating of perceived exertion between 12 and 13 (ACSM, 2014) adapted from the study by Cantarero-Villanueva et al. (2016). Our expert panels consisting of sports medicine specialists, Pilates instructors, colorectal surgeons and physiotherapists already verified the exercise prescription is safe as an intervention among colorectal cancer survivors by The Pilates exercise will start with a warm-up session then followed by the Pilates exercise. The Pilates exercise steps will be carried out in this study as follows; 1.One-leg stretch i.Participants are lying down in a supine position and stretch one leg. 2.One-leg circle i.Participants are lying down supine, stretching one leg and making circular movements using the stretched leg. 3.Bridging i.Participants will lie on their back with hands at sides, knees bent and feet flat on the floor under the knees. ii.Then tighten the abdominal and buttock muscles by pushing their low back into t Primary outcome(s): The primary outcome will be quality of life level measured using EORTC QLQ-30 for general health questionnaire comprises of 30 items and have three components which are global health status (GHS) / global QoL, functional scales (FS) and symptom scales (SS). The GHS measure the overall health status and global QoL of the colorectal cancer patients which range from very bad (0) to excellent (7). The original QLQ-30 questionnaire English version had been validated with internal consistency of ranged within 0.70 to 0.90 and test-retest reliability >0.70 (Luckett et al., 2011). The Malay version of QLQ-30 had been validated with internal consistency ranged within 0.50 to 0.90 and test-retest reliability is 0.5 to 0.99 (Yusoff et al., 2010).[ The measurement will be at the baseline followed by 8 weeks after the intervention.];Colorectal cancer-specific quality of life will be measured using the EORTC QLQ-CR29, a tumour-specific questionnaire module for CRC patients to complement the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. The QLQ-CR29 has five functional and 18 symptom scales. The original CR-29 questionnaire English version had been validated with internal consistency ranged within 0.69 to 0.84 and test-retest reliability 0.53-0.77 (Whistance et al., 2009). The Malay version of CR-29 had been validated with internal consistency ranged within 0.66 to 0.778 and test-retest reliability is 0.79 to 0.93 (Magaji et al., 2016).[ The measurement will be at the baseline followed by 8 weeks after the intervention.] Study Design: Purpose: Treatment; Allocation: Non-randomised trial; Masking: Open (masking not used);Assignment: Parallel

DISEASE(S): Colorectal Cancer Survivors,Physical Medicine / Rehabilitation-other Physical Medicine / Rehabilitation,Cancer-bowel-back Passage (rectum) Or Large Bowel (colon)

PROVIDER: 2473523 | ecrin-mdr-crc |

REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR

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Project description:The study has been described in the following paper: Gianni Parise, Stuart M. Phillips, Jan J. Kaczor and Mark A. Tarnopolsky (2005). Antioxidant enzyme activity is up-regulated after unilateral resistance exercise training in older adults. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 39, Issue 2, 15 July 2005, Pages 289-295 We cite the following three paragraphs from this paper: "MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects Twelve men (71.2 ± 6.5 y) volunteered to participate in a 12 week uni-lateral leg resistance training program (Table 1). All subjects underwent a thorough screening process before being admitted into the study. Subjects were first screened by telephone, and were then subject to a medical evaluation. Consent from their family physician was required, and then all potential subjects underwent a resting electrocardiogram, and a sub-maximal graded exercise test on a bicycle ergometer witih a 12-lead ECG. Exclusion criteria included: evidence of coronary hear disease; congestive heart failure; uncontrolled hypertension; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; diabetes mellitus; renal failure; major orthopaedic disability; and smoking. None of the subjects had ever participated in a structured exercise program. After subjects were advised of the benefits and risks of participation, subjects gave their written informed consent. The study was approved by the McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Research Ethics Board and conferred to the principles of the declaration of Helsinki. Exercise Training Resistance training was performed three times weekly on non-consecutive days (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) for 12 weeks, under strict supervision. Prior to and after each training session subjects were required to perform passive stretching. Resistance exercise for each session consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions for each of leg press and leg extension. Training progressed from one set of each exercise at 50% of the initial 1 repetition maximum (1RM) to 3 sets at 80% of 1RM over the training period. Training logs were kept to record the volume and intensity of each session. The 1RM was re-evaluated every 2 weeks, and the training load was adjusted accordingly. All exercises were performed on universal strength training equipment (Universal Gym Equipment, Inc., Cedar Rapids, Iowa). Muscle Biopsy A muscle biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of both legs before as well as after the training period, 20 cm proximal to the knee joint using a modified Bergström needle (5 mm diameter) with suction modification. The biopsy specimen was dissected of fat and connective tissue and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. All samples were stored at -80 °C for subsequent analysis. All subjects were required to abstain from strenuous physical activity for 48 hours prior to the testing session. The non-trained leg performed an acute bout of exercise at the same relative intensity of the training leg to allow for the determination of the effect of training and the effect of acute resistance exercise." Additional Notes: 1) The samples of 8 out 12 were used in the gene expression study. 2) The 2 factors in this study are: 2.1) Leg - Left or Right 2.2) Training - Baseline: samples taken on each leg before exercise - Resistance Training: one of the legs was subject to resistance training followed by acute exercise - Acute Exercise: the other leg had only the acute exercise 3) The baseline samples will be used for right versus left leg comparison to see variance between legs for human experimentation technical issues. The samples from Resistance or Acute Exercise will be compared to corresponding baseline samples to evaluate the effect of both exercise programs on gene expression.

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Effects of Pilates exercise on functional capacity, cancer-related fatigue, depression, salivary cortisol and quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

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