Prevalence of malignancy among adrenal nodules detected in patients with potentially resectable colorectal cancer: Should we perform additional imaging study?
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
DISEASE(S): Neoplasms
PROVIDER: 2514350 | ecrin-mdr-crc |
REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR
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Project description:To understand the role of Medicago truncatula NODULE INCEPTION (MtNIN) in nodule development, we analyzed the transcriptome of roots ectopically overexpressing NIN, nodules of weak mutant allele nin-16, and nodules of dnf1-2 mutant.
2021-11-09 | GSE178119 | GEO
Project description:We studied potentially amyloidogenic proteins (e.g. protein forming polymers and complexes that are resistant to treatment with ionic detergents) in root nodules formed by two lines of garden pea (P. sativum L.): Sprint-2 (Fix+ phenotype) and Sprint-2Fix- (sym31) (Fix- phenotype) inoculated with the Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae RCAM1026 root nodule bacteria. The Fix+ phenotype is characterized by effective (ability to fix nitrogen) root nodules formation. The Fix- line is a descendant of the Fix+ line and forms ineffective root nodules (unable to fix nitrogen) with undifferentiated bacteroids. We demonstrated the presence of both plant and bacterial proteins in detergent resistant fractions, including previously identified amyloid proteins RopA and RopB of R. leguminosarum and vicilin of P. sativum L.
2022-10-25 | PXD035724 | Pride
Project description:Legumes establish endosymbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, which they host inside root nodules. Here, specific physiological and morphological adaptations, such as the production of oxygen-binding leghemoglobin proteins and the formation of an oxygen diffusion barrier in the nodule periphery, are essential to protect the oxygen-labile bacterial nitrogenase enzyme. The molecular basis of the latter process remains elusive, as the identification of required genes is limited by the epistatic effect of nodule organogenesis over nodule infection and rhizobia accommodation. We overcame this by exploring the phenotypic diversity of Lotus japonicus accessions that uncouple nodule organogenesis from nodule infection when inoculated with a sub-compatible Rhizobium strain. Using comparative transcriptomics, we identified genes with functions associated with oxygen homeostasis and deposition of lipid polyesters on cell walls to be specifically upregulated in infected compared to uninfected nodules. As such hydrophobic modifications on cell walls are pivotal for creating diffusion barriers like the root endodermis, we focused on two Fatty acyl-CoA reductase genes that were specifically activated in the nodule or in the root endodermis. Mutant lines in a Fatty acyl-CoA reductase gene expressed exclusively in the nodule endodermis showed had decreased suberization of this cell layer and increased nodule permeability compared to wild type plants. Oxygen concentrations were significantly increased in the inner cortex of mutant nodules, which correlated with reduced nitrogen fixation rates, and impaired shoot growth. These results provide the first genetic evidence for the formation of the nodule oxygen diffusion barrier, a key adaptation enabling nitrogen fixation in legume nodules.
2022-11-01 | GSE216502 | GEO
Project description:12plex_medicago_2012-03 - mtefd1 and wt roots and nodules - Identification of genes affected by a KO mutation in a transcription factor involved in root and nodule development, MtEFD1. - Comparison of wild type and efd-1 transcriptomes in non inoculated nitrogen-starved control roots and nodules at 4 dpi, 6 and 11 dpi. Comparison of wild type nodule (11 dpi) and root transcriptomes, using mixed random primed and polydT primed probes.
2019-10-16 | GSE138899 | GEO
Project description:Legumes perform symbiotic nitrogen fixation through rhizobial bacteroids housed in specialised root nodules. The biochemical process is energy‐intensive and consumes a huge carbon source to generate sufficient reducing power. To maintain the symbiosis, malate is supplied by legume nodules to bacteroids as their major carbon and energy source in return for ammonium ions and nitrogenous compounds. To sustain the carbon supply to bacteroids, nodule cells undergo drastic reorganisation of carbon metabolism. Here, a comprehensive quantitative comparison of the mitochondrial proteomes between root nodules and uninoculated roots was performed using data‐independent acquisition proteomics, revealing the modulations in nodule mitochondrial proteins and pathways in response to carbon reallocation. Corroborated our findings with that from the literature, we believe nodules preferably allocate cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvates towards malate synthesis in lieu of pyruvate synthesis, and nodule mitochondria prefer malate over pyruvate as the primary source of NADH for ATP production. Moreover, the differential regulation of respiratory chain‐associated proteins suggests that nodule mitochondria could enhance the efficiencies of complexes I and IV for ATP synthesis. This study highlighted a quantitative proteomic view of the mitochondrial adaptation in soybean nodules.
2024-07-16 | PXD050301 | Pride
Project description:Metabolomics and transcriptomics of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens-induced root nodules Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens is a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont, which can grow inside root-nodule cells of the agriculturally important soybean and other host plants. Our previous studies described B. diazoefficiens host-specific global expression changes occurring during legume infection at the transcript and protein level. In order to further characterize nodule metabolism, we here determine by flow injection -time of flight mass spectrometry analysis the metabolome of i) nodules and roots from four different B. diazoefficiens host plants, ii) soybean nodules harvested at different time points during nodule development, and iii) soybean nodules infected by two strains mutated in key genes for nitrogen fixation, respectively. Ribose (soybean), tartaric acid (mungbean), hydroxybutanoyloxybutanoate (siratro) and catechol (cowpea) were among the metabolites found to be specifically elevated in one of the respective host plants. While the level of C4-dicarboxylic acids decreased during soybean nodule development, we observed an accumulation of trehalose-phosphate at 21 days post infection (dpi). Moreover, nodules from non-nitrogen-fixing bacteroids (nifA and nifH mutants) showed specific metabolic alterations; these were also supported by transcriptomics data that was generated for the two mutant strains and were helpful to separate for some examples the respective bacterial and plant contributions to the metabolic profile. The alterations included signs of nitrogen limitation in both mutants, and an increased level of a phytoalexin in nodules induced by the nifA mutant, suggesting that the tissue of these nodules exhibits defense and stress reactions.
2016-11-28 | GSE79811 | GEO
Project description:We have undertaken a detailed study to identify mechanisms regulating expression of NCRs. We used a custom Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray to examine the expression changes of 566 NCRs in different stages of nodule development. Additionally, rhizobial mutants were used to understand the importance of the rhizobial components in induction of NCRs. Early NCRs were detected during the initial infection of rhizobia in nodules and continue to be expressed into the late stages of nodule development. Late NCRs were induced concomittant with bacteroid development in the nodules. The induction of these groups of genes was correlated with the number and morphology of rhizobia in the nodule. We used a custom Affymetrix chip containing 684 probe sequences of Medicago DEFLs to explore the expression patterns of NCRs in nodules inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021(Sm1021) at marked developmental stages and nodules inoculated with various mutants derived from Sm1021 totalling 14 different treatments. Each treatment was supported by three biological replicates giving a grand total of 42 samples.
2013-03-05 | E-GEOD-34803 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Patients with prostate cancer (PC) generally do not respond favorably to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which may be due to a low abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes even when mutational load is high. Here, we identified a patient who presented with high-grade primary prostate cancer with two adjacent tumor nodules. While both nodules were mismatch repair- deficient (MMRd), exhibited pathogenic MSH2 and MSH6 alterations, had a high tumor mutational burden (TMB), and demonstrated high microsatellite instability (MSI), they had markedly distinct immune phenotypes. The first displayed a dense infiltrate of lymphocytes (“hot nodule”), while the second displayed significantly fewer infiltrating lymphocytes (“cold nodule”). Whole-exome DNA analysis found that both nodules shared many identical mutations, indicating that they were derived from a single clone. However, the cold nodule appeared to be sub-clonal relative to the hot nodule, suggesting divergent evolution of the cold nodule from the hot nodule. Whole-transcriptome RNA analysis found that the cold nodule demonstrated lower expression of genes related to antigen presentation (HLA) and, paradoxically, classical tumor immune tolerance markers such as PD-L1 (CD274) and CTLA-4. Immune cell deconvolution suggested that the hot nodule was enriched not only in CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, but also in M1 macrophages, activated NK cells, and gamma delta T cells compared to the cold nodule. This case highlights that MMRd/TMB-high PC can evolve to minimize an anti-tumor immune response, and nominates downregulation of antigen presentation machinery (HLA loss) as a potential mechanism of adaptive immune evasion in PC.
2023-10-31 | GSE246684 | GEO
Project description:affy_med_2011_06 - affy_med_2011_06 - Legume plants establish a symbiotic interaction with soil bacteria called rhizobia. A complex molecular dialogue between the two partners is necessary for the successful infection and organogenesis processes that will ultimately result in the formation of a nitrogen fixing nodule. During a M. truncatula Tnt1 mutant screen, a new class of symbiotic mutant called noot (nodule root) was identified. This original single recessive mutant develops a root in apical position of nodules that are colonized by bacteria and functional for nitrogen fixation. This conversion suggests that the legume nodule morphogenetic pathway may be derived from a root program. We cloned the NOOT gene and showed that it corresponds to Pisum sativum COCH (Ferguson and Reid, 2005, Plant Cell Physiol 46, 1583-1589). The goal of this project is to compare the transcriptomes from wild type nodules and roots to the noot nodule one. This will allow us to unravel the similarity and differences between the wild type and mutant nodule transcriptomes but also to know which developmental pathway is under the control of the NOOT gene. --Seeds of the WT and noot mutant lines (two mutant alleles: Tnk507 and NF2717) were surface sterilized and placed at 4°C for three days on a minimal BNM medium square plate (12cm X 12cm). Seeds were germinated at room temperature and 10 seeds were placed in a row on nitrogen poor (BNM) plate. Seedlings were inoculated using Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm41 for nodule production. Some WT plants were not infected by the bacteria in order to collect roots. Nodules and roots were harvested 18 to 21 days post inoculation. Each experimental repetition (3 WT nodules, 3 WT roots and 2 mutant nodules of each allele) was harvested at a separated day. RNA preparations were done using a Quiagen Kit. 10 arrays - Medicago; gene knock out,organ comparison
2012-05-31 | E-GEOD-36558 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We have undertaken a detailed study to identify mechanisms regulating expression of NCRs. We used a custom Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray to examine the expression changes of 566 NCRs in different stages of nodule development. Additionally, rhizobial mutants were used to understand the importance of the rhizobial components in induction of NCRs. Early NCRs were detected during the initial infection of rhizobia in nodules and continue to be expressed into the late stages of nodule development. Late NCRs were induced concomittant with bacteroid development in the nodules. The induction of these groups of genes was correlated with the number and morphology of rhizobia in the nodule.
2013-03-05 | GSE34803 | GEO