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Study on the association of radiotherapy with capecitabine and temozolomide followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

ABSTRACT: Primary objectives: The main objective of the trial is to evaluate the activity, in terms of pathologic complete response, of the addition of temozolomide to standard concurrent capecitabine-based chemoradiation, in moleculary selected patient with low-risk locally advance rectal cancer molecularly selected formicrosetellite stability, MGMT negative IHC and MGMT promoter methylation. Primary endpoints: Pathologic complete response (pCR), defined as complete histological regression with no available tumor cells (yT0N0) in the intention-to-treat population.

DISEASE(S): Adenocarcinoma Del Retto Localmente Avanzato A Basso Rischio, Stadiato Clinicamente, Secondo La Classificazione Tnm (8° Edizione) Come Ct=2 Ed N0 Oppure Ogni Ct1-3 Cn1, Senza Evidenza Di Metastasi A Distanza (cm0) E Localizzato A Meno Di 15 Cm Dallo Sfintere Anale Esterno. Presenza Di Stabilità Microsatellitare, Negatività Di Espressione Immunoistochimica Di Mgmt Sul Materiale Istologico Ed Evidenza Di Metilazione Del Promotore Del Gene Mgmt In Pirosequenziamento.,Localy Advanced Low-risk Rectal Cancer, Placed At Less Then 15 Cm Form The Anal Verge And Staged As Ct = 2 And Cn0 Or Ct1-3 Cn1 (tnm Classification 8th Edition), Without Evidence Of Distant Metastases (cm0).the Study Requires Central Confirmation Of Tumor Molecular Status Of Microsatellitestability By Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, Lack Of Mgmt Expression By Immunohistochemistry (ihc) And Evidence Of Mgmt Promoter Methylation By Pyrosequencing.,Colorectal Neoplasms Malignant

PROVIDER: 2541423 | ecrin-mdr-crc |

REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR

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Project description:Temozolomide (TMZ) is an important first-line treatment for glioblastoma (GBM), but there are limitations to TMZ response in terms of durability and dependence on the promoter methylation status of the DNA repair gene O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). MGMT-promoter-hypermethylated (MGMT-M) GBMs are more sensitive to TMZ than MGMT-promoter-hypomethylated (MGMT-UM) GBMs. Moreover, TMZ resistance is inevitable even in TMZ-sensitive MGMT-M GBMs. Hence, epigenetic reprogramming strategies are desperately needed in order to enhance TMZ response in both MGMT-M and MGMT-UM GBMs. In this study, we present novel evidence that the epigenetic reactivation of Tumor Suppressor Candidate 3 (TUSC3) can reprogram sensitivity of GBM stem cells (GSCs) to TMZ irrespective of MGMT promoter methylation status. Interrogation of TCGA patient GBM datasets confirmed TUSC3 promoter regulation of TUSC3 expression and also revealed a strong positive correlation between TUSC3 expression and GBM patient survival. Using a combination of loss-of-function, gain-of-function and rescue studies, we demonstrate that TUSC3 reactivation is associated with enhanced TMZ response in both MGMT-M and MGMT-UM GSCs. Further, we provide novel evidence that the demethylating agent 5-Azacitidine (5-Aza) reactivates TUSC3 expression in MGMT-M GSCs, whereas the combination of 5-Aza and MGMT inhibitor Lomeguatrib is necessary for TUSC3 reactivation in MGMT-UM GSCs. Lastly, we propose a pharmacological epigenetic reactivation strategy involving TUSC3 that leads to significantly prolonged survival in MGMT-M and MGMT-UM orthotopic GSCs models. Collectively, our findings provide a framework and rationale to further explore TUSC3-mediated epigenetic reprogramming strategies that could enhance TMZ sensitivity and outcomes in GBM. Mechanistic and translational evidence gained from such studies could contribute towards optimal design of impactful trials for MGMT-UM GBMs that currently do not have good treatment options.

Project description:Surgical resection is curative for 75% of stage II and 50% of stage III colon cancer patients. The magnitude of benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) varies according to TNM stage and microsatellite status. Standard adjuvant chemotherapy includes fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin regimens for up to six months. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detected after surgical resection reflects the presence of micrometastatic disease and pivotal observational studies addressed the prognostic value of ctDNA in the post-surgical setting. Adjuvant chemotherapy can promote the clearance of ctDNA, and ctDNA clearance after adjuvant chemotherapy is prognostic for better DFS in patients with stage III resected cancers and post-operative positive ctDNA. ctDNA may be investigated as a potential real-time surrogate biomarker of the efficacy of adjuvant therapy, but suggest that patients with ctDNA persistence after standard chemotherapy might be "molecularly metastatic" and may benefit from additional "consolidation" non-cross resistant strategies aimed at clearing micrometastatic disease. Temozolomide has modest but non-negligible activity (about 10%) in chemo-refractory patients with MGMT methylated mCRC. The response rate to temozolomide-based therapy in pretreated patients is increased to up to 20% when restricting the focus on those with MGMT IHC-negative/MGMT methylated and MSS cancers Significant activity (ORR 26%) and favorable safety profile were reported by the combination of temozolomide and irinotecan (TEMIRI regimen) in patients with pretreated MGMT methylated/MSS mCRC, thus suggesting that the two agents may have synergist activity in line with preclinical data. Based on all these considerations, there is a strong rationale for investigating TEMIRI regimen as consolidation non-cross resistant therapy in a liquid-biopsy driven interventional trial. Eligible patients with MGMT-silenced, MSS, radically resected CRC and detectable ctDNA after standard chemotherapy will be enrolled and will receive 6-month post-adjuvant/consolidation TEMIRI (given for up to 6 monthly cycles).

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Study on the association of radiotherapy with capecitabine and temozolomide followed by surgery in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

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