Project description:Although composition and functional potential of the human gut microbiota evolve over lifespan, kinship has been identified as a key covariate of microbial community diversification. To date, sharing of microbiota features within families has however mostly been assessed between parents and their direct offspring. Here, we investigate potential transmission and persistence of familial microbiome patterns and microbial genotypes in a family cohort (N=102) spanning three to five generations over the same female bloodline. We observe microbiome community composition to be associated with kinship, with seven (low-abundant) genera displaying familial distribution patterns. While kinship and current cohabitation emerged as closely entangled variables, our explorative analyses of microbial genotype distribution and transmission estimates point at the latter as a key covariate of strain dissemination. Highest potential transmission rates are estimated between sisters and mother-daughter pairs, decreasing with increasing daughter’s age, and being higher among cohabiting pairs than those living apart. Although rare, we do detect potential transmission events spanning three and four generations, primarily involving species of the genera Alistipes and Bacteroides. Overall, while our analyses confirm the existence of family-bound microbiome community profiles, transmission or co-acquisition of bacterial strains appears to be strongly linked to cohabitation.
Project description:Although the composition and functional potential of the human gut microbiota evolve over the lifespan, kinship has been identified as a key covariate of microbial community diversification. However, to date, sharing of microbiota features within families has mostly been assessed between parents and their direct offspring. Here we investigate the potential transmission and persistence of familial microbiome patterns and microbial genotypes in a family cohort (n = 102) spanning 3 to 5 generations over the same female bloodline. We observe microbiome community composition associated with kinship, with seven low abundant genera displaying familial distribution patterns. While kinship and current cohabitation emerge as closely entangled variables, our explorative analyses of microbial genotype distribution and transmission estimates point at the latter as a key covariate of strain dissemination. Highest potential transmission rates are estimated between sisters and mother-daughter pairs, decreasing with increasing daughter's age and being higher among cohabiting pairs than those living apart. Although rare, we detect potential transmission events spanning three and four generations, primarily involving species of the genera Alistipes and Bacteroides. Overall, while our analyses confirm the existence of family-bound microbiome community profiles, transmission or co-acquisition of bacterial strains appears to be strongly linked to cohabitation.
Project description:Although composition and functional potential of the human gut microbiota evolve over lifespan, kinship has been identified as a key covariate of microbial community diversification. To date, sharing of microbiota features within families has however mostly been assessed between parents and their direct offspring. Here, we investigate potential transmission and persistence of familial microbiome patterns and microbial genotypes in a family cohort (N=102) spanning three to five generations over the same female bloodline. We observe microbiome community composition to be associated with kinship, with seven (low-abundant) genera displaying familial distribution patterns. While kinship and current cohabitation emerged as closely entangled variables, our explorative analyses of microbial genotype distribution and transmission estimates point at the latter as a key covariate of strain dissemination. Highest potential transmission rates are estimated between sisters and mother-daughter pairs, decreasing with increasing daughter’s age, and being higher among cohabiting pairs than those living apart. Although rare, we do detect potential transmission events spanning three and four generations, primarily involving species of the genera Alistipes and Bacteroides. Overall, while our analyses confirm the existence of family-bound microbiome community profiles, transmission or co-acquisition of bacterial strains appears to be strongly linked to cohabitation.
Project description:To explore the effects of gut microbiota of young (8 weeks) or old mice (18~20 months) on stroke, feces of young (Y1-Y9) and old mice (O6-O16) were collected and analyzed by 16s rRNA sequencing. Then stroke model was established on young mouse receive feces from old mouse (DOT1-15) and young mouse receive feces from young mouse (DYT1-15). 16s rRNA sequencing were also performed for those young mice received feces from young and old mice.
Project description:The aim of study is to evaluate whether salidroside (S), tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (H) which are dietary phenylethanoids of natural origins have an influence on reversing gut dysbiosis induced by metabolic syndrome (MetS) mice. C57 BL/6J female mice induced by high fructose diet were established. All mice were adapted to the environment for 7 days with normal diet and sterile drinking water (DW), and randomly divided into 6 groups. Mice in the ND group are fed with ND and treated with normal saline. Other groups were fed with high fructose (HFru) by administration of normal saline, salidroside (S), tyrosol (T) or hydroxytyrosol (H) for 12 weeks by intragastric gavage. Fresh feces from each mouse were collected one days before the end of the experiment and temporarily placed in sterile tubules, and then snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total DNA from stool bacteria was extracted using QIAamp DNA stool mini kit from Qiagen (Germantown, MD, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Illumina HiSeq sequencing analysis of the DNA samples.16S rRNA gene sequence data further revealed that S, T and H could enhance the diversity of gut microbiota. In general, the abundance of Shigella, Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus and Sporosarcina had changed significantly. These findings suggest that S, T and H probably suppress lipid accumulation and to hepatoprotective effect and improve intestinal microflora disorders to attenuate metabolic syndromes.
Project description:Here we report 16S rRNA data in gut microbiota of autism spectrum disorders compared with healthy volunteers. A total of 1322 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in the sequence data. The Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were both dominated phylum in ausitic subjects and healthy controls. Phylum level analysis showed a clear alteration of the bacterial gut community in ASD characterized by a higher Firmicutes (P < 0.05), Proteobacteria (P < 0.001), and Actinobacteria (P < 0.001) than that in healthy controls. However, Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased in ASD patients (P < 0.001).
Project description:In this paper we compared taxonomic results obtained by metataxonomics (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and metagenomics (whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing) to investigate their reliability for bacteria profiling, studying the chicken gut as a model system. The experimental conditions included two compartments of gastrointestinal tracts and two sampling times. We compared the relative abundance distributions obtained with the two sequencing strategies and then tested their capability to distinguish the experimental conditions. The results showed that 16S rRNA gene sequencing detects only part of the gut microbiota community revealed by shotgun sequencing. Specifically, when a sufficient number of reads is available, Shotgun sequencing has more power to identify less abundant taxa than 16S sequencing. Finally, we showed that the less abundant genera detected only by shotgun sequencing are biologically meaningful, being able to discriminate between the experimental conditions as much as the more abundant genera detected by both sequencing strategies.
Project description:Purpose: Gut microbiota is associated with the progression of brain tumor. However, the alterations in the gut microbiota during glioma growth and temozolomide (TMZ) therapy remains to be understood. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were implanted with GL261 glioma cells. TMZ/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCC) was administered by gavage for five consecutive days (from 8 to 12 days after implantation). Fecal samples were collected before (T0) and on days 7 (T1), 14 (T2), and 28 (T3) after implantation. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing followed by absolute and relative quantitation analyses. Results: Nineteen genera were altered during glioma progression with the most dramatic changes in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. During glioma growth, Lactobacillus abundance decreased at the earlier stage of glioma development (T1), and then gradually increased (T2, T3); Intestinimonas abundance exhibited a persistent increase; Anaerotruncus showed a transient increase and then a subsequent decrease. Twenty genera altered following TMZ treatment. The enrichment of Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium was observed only at the early stage following TMZ treatment (T2), but not at the later stage (T3). Additionally, the decrease of Anaerotruncus was slighter in TMZ group at T3 comparing to the vehicle group. The abundance of Intestinimonas increased constantly during the progression of glioma, but was unaffected by TMZ. Conclusions: Glioma development and progression resulted in altered gut microbiota. TMZ reversed the decrease of Anaerotruncus in glioma at T3, and increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium with no influence on the increase of Intestinimonas. Short-term and long-term effects of TMZ treatment on the bacterial communities may be differential. This study will improve understanding the role of gut microbiota in glioma, and help develop gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target.
Project description:Chronic acid suppression by proton pump inhibitor (PPI) has been hypothesized to alter the gut microbiota via a change in intestinal pH. To evaluate the changes in gut microbiota composition by long-term PPI treatment. Twenty-four week old F344 rats were fed with (n = 5) or without (n = 6) lansoprazole (PPI) for 50 weeks. Then, profiles of luminal microbiota in the terminal ileum were analyzed. Pyrosequencing for 16S rRNA gene was performed by genome sequencer FLX (454 Life Sciences/Roche) and analyzed by metagenomic bioinformatics.