Project description:Accumulating evidence indicates that patient- derived organoids (PDOs) can predict drug responses in the clinic. Metastasis is the main cause of death in colorectal cancer patients, and the treatment of patients with liver metastasis remains poor. Tumor heterogeneity is the cause of treatment failure. In this study, we aim the investigate the consistency of drug sensitivity for the matched primary and metastatic tumor in patients with liver metastasis.
Project description:Decitabine (DAC) is used clinically for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our genome-wide CRISPR-dCas9 activation screen using MDS-derived AML cells shows that mitotic regulation plays a pivotal role in DAC resistance. DAC strongly induces abnormal mitosis (abscission failure or tripolar mitosis) in human myeloid tumors at clinical concentrations, especially in those with TP53 mutations and antecedent hematological disorders. This DAC-induced mitotic disruption and apoptosis are significantly attenuated in DNMT1-depleted cells. In contrast, the overexpression of Dnmt1, but not the catalytically inactive mutant, enhances DAC-induced mitotic defects in myeloid tumors. We also demonstrate that DAC-induced mitotic disruption is enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of the ATR-CLSPN-CHK1 pathway. These data challenge the current assumption that DAC inhibits leukemogenesis through DNMT1 inhibition and subsequent DNA hypomethylation, while highlighting the potent activity of DAC to perturb mitosis through aberrant DNMT1-DNA covalent bonds.
Project description:Patient-derived cancer organoids have taken a prominent role in pre-clinical and translational research and have been generated for most common solid tumors. Cancer organoids have been shown to retain key genetic and phenotypic characteristics of their tissue of origin, tumor subtype and maintain intratumoral heterogeneity and therefore have the potential to be used as predictors for individualized treatment response. In this review, we highlight studies that have used cancer organoids to compare the efficacy of standard-of-care and targeted combination treatments with clinical patient response. Furthermore, we review studies using cancer organoids to identify new anti-cancer treatments using drug screening. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and improvements needed to understand the full potential of cancer organoids as avatars for clinical management of cancer therapy.
Project description:Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of AML patient samples treated with PBS or DAC. The Illumina Infinium 450 Human DNA methylation was used to examine the methylation profile of 8 patient samples and 2 cell lines. Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of AML xenografts treated with either PBS control or with decitacine (DAC) alone, cytarabine (Ara-C) alone, DAC and Ara-C together (D+A), DAC followed by Ara-C (D/A) or with Ara-C followed by DAC (A/D).
Project description:Decitabine (DAC) is used clinically for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To elucidate its exact mechanism of action, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-dCas9 activation screen using MDS-derived AML cells and revealed that mitotic regulation plays a pivotal role in DAC resistance. DAC strongly induces abnormal mitosis (abscission failure or tripolar mitosis) in human myeloid tumors at clinical concentrations, especially in those with TP53 mutations and antecedent hematological disorders. This DAC-induced mitotic disruption and apoptosis are significantly attenuated in DNMT1-depleted cells. In contrast, the overexpression of Dnmt1, but not the catalytically inactive mutant, enhances DAC-induced mitotic defects in myeloid tumors. These data challenge the current assumption that DAC inhibits leukemogenesis through DNMT1 inhibition and subsequent DNA hypomethylation and highlight the potent activity of DAC to perturb mitosis through aberrant DNMT1-DNA covalent bonds. This clinically revised mode of action is enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of the ATR-CLSPN-CHK1 pathway.
Project description:Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have recently emerged as robust preclinical models; however, their potential to predict clinical outcomes in patients has remained unclear. We report on a living biobank of PDOs from metastatic, heavily pretreated colorectal and gastroesophageal cancer patients recruited in phase 1/2 clinical trials. Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of PDOs showed a high degree of similarity to the original patient tumors. Molecular profiling of tumor organoids was matched to drug-screening results, suggesting that PDOs could complement existing approaches in defining cancer vulnerabilities and improving treatment responses. We compared responses to anticancer agents ex vivo in organoids and PDO-based orthotopic mouse tumor xenograft models with the responses of the patients in clinical trials. Our data suggest that PDOs can recapitulate patient responses in the clinic and could be implemented in personalized medicine programs.
Project description:RNA-seq analysis of total RNA isolated from patient-derived organoids established from eight individuals. The organoids are genotyped with regards to rs2910686. The analysis aimed at characterizing the epithelial gene expression changes in ERAP2 proficient vs. ERAP2 deficient patient-derived organoids. ***Please note that raw data is not provided as Norwegian law does not allow public access to human sequences raw data
Project description:Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of AML patient samples treated with PBS or DAC. The Illumina Infinium 450 Human DNA methylation was used to examine the methylation profile of 8 patient samples and 2 cell lines. Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of AML xenografts treated with either PBS control or with decitacine (DAC) alone, cytarabine (Ara-C) alone, DAC and Ara-C together (D+A), DAC followed by Ara-C (D/A) or with Ara-C followed by DAC (A/D). DNA was extracted from patient bone marrow samples and xenograft bone marrow samples using Qiagen Allprep kit. Bisulphite converted DNA from all samples were hybridised to the Illumina Infinium 450 Human Methylation arrays and for each analysis the drug treated sample was compared to the corresponding PBS control sample.