Dataset Information

Ena-DATASET-TKI_AGHS-05-11-2015-15:26:51:621-176 - samples

ABSTRACT: Genotype and exome data for an Australian Aboriginal population: a reference panel for health-based research.

PROVIDER: EGAD00001001661 | EGA |

REPOSITORIES: EGA

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Reference genotype and exome data from an Australian Aboriginal population for health-based research.

Tang Dave D Anderson Denise D Francis Richard W RW Syn Genevieve G Jamieson Sarra E SE Lassmann Timo T Blackwell Jenefer M JM

Scientific data 20160412

Genetic analyses, including genome-wide association studies and whole exome sequencing (WES), provide powerful tools for the analysis of complex and rare genetic diseases. To date there are no reference data for Aboriginal Australians to underpin the translation of health-based genomic research. Here we provide a catalogue of variants called after sequencing the exomes of 72 Aboriginal individuals to a depth of 20X coverage in ∼80% of the sequenced nucleotides. We determined 320,976 single nucle ...[more]

PMID: 27070114

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Project description:Carica papaya leaf decoction, an Australian Aboriginal remedy, has been used widely for its healing capabilities against cancer, with numerous anecdotal reports. In this study we investigated its in vitro cytotoxicity on human squamous cell carcinoma cells followed by metabolomic profiling of Carica papaya leaf decoction and leaf juice/brewed leaf juice to determine the effects imparted by the long heating process typical of the Aboriginal remedy preparation. MTT assay results showed that in comparison with the decoction, the leaf juice not only exhibited a stronger cytotoxic effect on SCC25 cancer cells, but also produced a significant cancer-selective effect as shown by tests on non-cancerous human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Furthermore, evidence from testing brewed leaf juice on these two cell lines suggested that the brewing process markedly reduced the selective effect of Carica papaya leaf on SCC25 cancer cells. To tentatively identify the compounds that contribute to the distinct selective anticancer activity of leaf juice, an untargeted metabolomic approach employing Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight- Mass Spectrometry followed by multivariate data analysis was applied. Some 90 and 104 peaks in positive and negative mode respectively were selected as discriminatory features from the chemical profile of leaf juice and >1500 putative compound IDs were obtained via database searching. Direct comparison of chromatographic and tandem mass spectral data to available reference compounds confirmed one feature as a match with its proposed authentic standard, namely pheophorbide A. However, despite pheophorbide A exhibiting cytotoxic activity on SCC25 cancer cells, it did not prove to be the compound contributing principally to the selective activity of leaf juice. With promising results suggesting stronger and more selective anticancer effects when compared to the Aboriginal remedy, Carica papaya leaf juice warrants further study to explore its activity on other cancer cell lines, as well as investigation to confirm the identity of compounds contributing to its selective effect, particularly those compounds altered by the long heating process applied during the traditional Aboriginal remedy preparation.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Pharmaceutically derived cannabinoids are used for several indications, particularly pain management. The extent of their use from a population perspective is unknown; hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate trends in pharmaceutical cannabinoid use in Manitoba. METHODS:This was a retrospective population-based cross-sectional study using administrative data from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Pharmaceutical cannabinoid users residing in Manitoba from Apr. 1, 2004, to Mar. 31, 2015 were identified. We assessed the annual prevalence and incidence of pharmaceutical cannabinoid use, and the sociodemographic characteristics and medical conditions of users. RESULTS:We identified 5181 people who received at least 1 prescription for a pharmaceutical cannabinoid over the study period, 5033 of whom received their first prescription after Apr. 1, 2004. Nabilone accounted for 73 650 (96.0%) of all prescriptions dispensed; dronabinol was discontinued during the study period. The annual prevalence rate of use increased by 527.2%, from 21.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.4-21.6) users per 100 000 people in 2004/05 to 134.9 (95% CI 134.7-135.1) users per 100 000 people in 2014/15. The annual incidence rate increased by 413.3%, from 12.1 (95% CI 12.1-12.2) users per 100 000 person-years in 2004/05 to 62.2 (95% CI 62.1-62.4) users per 100 000 person-years in 2014/15. The highest use was among older adults aged 46-64 years, females and urban area residents. One-third of incident users (1775 [35.3%]) had a diagnosis of fibromyalgia in a 2-year period before their first cannabinoid prescription. General practitioners initiated almost half (2350 [46.7%]) of first prescriptions, and anesthesiologists/pain specialists initiated one-quarter (1299 [25.8%]). INTERPRETATION:The prevalence and incidence of pharmaceutical cannabinoid use increased over time. These findings provide insight into the use of cannabinoids before the introduction of recreational marijuana, which may affect this trend.

Dataset Information

Ena-DATASET-TKI_AGHS-05-11-2015-15:26:51:621-176 - samples

Publications

Reference genotype and exome data from an Australian Aboriginal population for health-based research.

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