Extreme intratumor heterogeneity and driver evolution in mismatch repair deficient gastro-esophageal cancer
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PROVIDER: EGAS00001003434 | EGA |
REPOSITORIES: EGA
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Project description:Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) arises from distinct subclonal expansion following genetic or epigenetic alterations, and profoundly influences how tumors response to their immune microenvironment. Tumor progression trees based on single-cell mutational profiles have made it possible to trace subclonal evolution; however, conventional tree-building methods can incorporate only a limited number of cells and mutations, restricting their application to larger single-cell data. To investigate the effect of ITH on the therapeutic response of melanoma, we have developed Trisicell (https://trisicell.rtfd.io), a computational toolkit for scalable inference of mutational ITH through assessment of single-cell genomic variant data. By applying Trisicell to genetically matched mouse melanoma datasets, we found that expressed mutations are sufficient to effectively drive subclonal evolution. On single-cell, full-length RNA sequencing data of mouse melanoma from preclinical immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) studies, the analysis showed that the subtree-seeding mutations in the trees identified distinct subclones associated with a specific developmental state and neural crest lineage markers. Using the tree to trace cell lineages, we found that neoantigens depleted by ICB were predominantly expressed in minor subclones, suggesting that post-treatment recurrence is driven by immunoediting. Moreover, these neoantigens were enriched with those derived from frameshift mutations and mutated nuclear genes. Importantly, recurrently mutated genes in ICB-responding human melanoma exhibited the same features. We next used Trisicell to analyze single-cell, full-length RNA data of brain metastases (BM) from melanoma patients treated with ICB, and discovered that relapsing BM from ICB-responding patients exhibited subclones that also expressed a higher fraction of frameshift mutations and were associated with elevated levels of infiltrated T cells. Notably, they also exhibited more mutated HLA genes and expressed high level of the novel immune checkpoint HLA-G, a putative local immunosuppressive mechanism. In summary, applying Trisicell to single-cell transcriptomic analyses allowed us to identify novel features of ICB-responding melanoma neoantigens and distinct mechanisms for adapting to immunotherapy at different sites. These results have important implications for both melanoma evolution and target identification for immunotherapies, including ICB and cancer vaccines. This is the first study to trace subclonal evolution of neoantigens at single-cell resolution, demonstrating that Trisicell and our datasets represent important resources for the field.
2024-10-25 | GSE215960 | GEO
Project description:Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a cancer of unmet need characterized by ARID1A mutation. Prior work identified an ARID1A/ATR synthetic lethality, information that led to phase II clinical trials. Using genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis and interference screens, we identified protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subunits, including PPP2R1A, as determinants of ATRi sensitivity in ARID1A mutant OCCC. Analysis of an OCCCs cohort indicated that >1/3 possessed both PPP2R1A and ARID1A loss-of-function mutations. CRISPR-prime editing demonstrated that oncogenic PPP2R1A p.R183 missense mutations enhance in vitro and in vivo ATRi sensitivity in ARID1A mutant OCCC. OCCC patients with both ARID1A and PPP2R1A mutations also showed clinical responses to ATRi in a phase II trial. Mechanistically, this synthetic lethal effect is dependent upon WNK1 kinase, which opposes PP2A function. This data suggests that co-occurrence of PPP2R1A and ARID1A mutations in OCCC should be assessed as a biomarker of ATRi response in on-going clinical trials.
2023-05-10 | PXD040422 | Pride
Project description:Intra-individual tumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is a hallmark of solid tumors and impedes accurate genomic diagnosis and selection of proper therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify ITH of ovarian serous adenocarcinomas (OSAs) and to determine the utility of ascitic cancer cells as a resource for mutation profiling in spite of ITH. We performed whole-exome sequencing, copy number profiling, and DNA methylation profiling of four OSA genomes using multiregional biopsies from 13 intraovarian lesions, 12 extraovarian tumor lesions (omentum/peritoneum), and ascitic cells. We observed substantial levels of heterogeneity in mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) of the OSAs. We categorized the mutations into 'common', 'shared' and 'private' according to the regional distribution. Six common, 8 shared, and 24 private mutations were observed in known cancer-related genes,. but common mutations had a higher mutant allele frequency and included TP53 mutations in all four OSAs. Region-specific chromosomal amplifications and deletions involving BRCA1, PIK3CA, and RB1 were also identified. Of note, the mutations detected in ascitic cancer cells represented 92.3-100% of overall somatic mutations in the given case. Phylogenetic analyses of ascitic genomes predicted a polyseeding origin of somatic mutations in ascitic cells. Our results demonstrate that despite ITH, somatic mutations, CNAs, and DNA methylations in both â??commonâ?? category and cancer-related genes were highly conserved in ascitic cells of OSAs, highlighting the clinical relevance of genome analysis of ascitic cells. Ascitic tumor cells may serve as a potential resource to discover somatic mutations of primary OSA with diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of ascitic cells as well as biopsies from ovarian serous adenocarcinomas cases obtained by Illumina Infinium 450k Human DNA methylation Beadchip Bisulphite converted DNA from the 16 samples were hybridized to the Illumina Infinium 450k Human Methylation Beadchip
2016-08-09 | E-GEOD-85293 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Intra-individual tumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is a hallmark of solid tumors and impedes accurate genomic diagnosis and selection of proper therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify ITH of ovarian serous adenocarcinomas (OSAs) and to determine the utility of ascitic cancer cells as a resource for mutation profiling in spite of ITH. We performed whole-exome sequencing, copy number profiling, and DNA methylation profiling of four OSA genomes using multiregional biopsies from 13 intraovarian lesions, 12 extraovarian tumor lesions (omentum/peritoneum), and ascitic cells. We observed substantial levels of heterogeneity in mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) of the OSAs. We categorized the mutations into 'common', 'shared' and 'private' according to the regional distribution. Six common, 8 shared, and 24 private mutations were observed in known cancer-related genes,. but common mutations had a higher mutant allele frequency and included TP53 mutations in all four OSAs. Region-specific chromosomal amplifications and deletions involving BRCA1, PIK3CA, and RB1 were also identified. Of note, the mutations detected in ascitic cancer cells represented 92.3-100% of overall somatic mutations in the given case. Phylogenetic analyses of ascitic genomes predicted a polyseeding origin of somatic mutations in ascitic cells. Our results demonstrate that despite ITH, somatic mutations, CNAs, and DNA methylations in both âcommonâ category and cancer-related genes were highly conserved in ascitic cells of OSAs, highlighting the clinical relevance of genome analysis of ascitic cells. Ascitic tumor cells may serve as a potential resource to discover somatic mutations of primary OSA with diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. The purpose of this study was to identify intra-individual tumor heterogenety of ovarian serous adenocarcinomas Four to nine different ovarian cancer areas from intraovarian and extra-ovarian lesions that were at least 1cm apart as well as 50 ml ascites were collected from the four OSA patients. Genomic DNA from tumor and matched normal samples were simultaneously hybridized onto the array. Total 29 array experiments were conducted.
2016-08-09 | E-GEOD-85295 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) initiated from the renal epithelium is the most prevalent histological type of adult kidney cancers. Dissecting intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of ccRCC has leveraged to extend our knowledge on how primary tumors harboring driver mutations evolve and spread to other sites. The cellular fractions within and across the primary (pRCC) and metastatic RCC (mRCC) are heterogeneous in both their genetic and biological features determining the variability in clinical aggressiveness and sensitivity to the therapy. To achieve sustainable therapeutic benefit with targeted agents in mRCC, the effective target should focus on signaling pathways that are related to driver mutations occurred early in the clonal evolution of the disease and thus should be common to primary tumor and metastatic sites. Considering that extensive genetic heterogeneity may result in drug response variability among patients and treatment resistance, the tailored strategies for metastatic RCC is urgently needed. Here, we analyze single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data from a matched primary RCC (pRCC) and lung metastasis (mRCC) to dissect ITH at the highest resolution to date with the objective of discovering the better therapeutic regimen.
2015-09-18 | GSE73121 | GEO
Project description:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) initiated from the renal epithelium is the most prevalent histological type of adult kidney cancers. Dissecting intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of ccRCC has leveraged to extend our knowledge on how primary tumors harboring driver mutations evolve and spread to other sites. The cellular fractions within and across the primary (pRCC) and metastatic RCC (mRCC) are heterogeneous in both their genetic and biological features determining the variability in clinical aggressiveness and sensitivity to the therapy. To achieve sustainable therapeutic benefit with targeted agents in mRCC, the effective target should focus on signaling pathways that are related to driver mutations occurred early in the clonal evolution of the disease and thus should be common to primary tumor and metastatic sites. Considering that extensive genetic heterogeneity may result in drug response variability among patients and treatment resistance, the tailored strategies for metastatic RCC is urgently needed. Here, we analyze single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data from a matched primary RCC (pRCC) and lung metastasis (mRCC) to dissect ITH at the highest resolution to date with the objective of discovering the better therapeutic regimen.
2015-09-18 | GSE73119 | GEO
Project description:During pancreatic cancer progression, heterogeneous subclonal populations evolve in the primary tumor that possess differing capacities to metastasize and cause patient death. However, the genetics of metastasis reflects that of the primary tumor, and PDAC driver mutations arise early. This raises the possibility than an epigenetic process could be operative late. Using an exceptional resource of paired patient samples, we found that different metastatic subclones from the same patient possessed remarkably divergent malignant properties and global epigenetic programs. Global reprogramming was targeted to thousands of large chromatin domains across the genome that collectively specified malignant divergence. This was maintained by a metabolic shift within the pentose phosphate pathway, independent of KRAS driver mutations. Analysis of paired primary and metastatic tumors from multiple patients uncovered substantial epigenetic heterogeneity in primary tumors, which resolved into a terminally reprogrammed state in metastatic lesions. This supports a model whereby driver mutations accumulate early to initiate pancreatic tumorigenesis, followed by a period of subclonal evolution that generates sufficient intra-tumor heterogeneity for selection of epigenetic programs that may increase fitness during malignant progression and metastatic spread. To map the epigenomic landscape of pancreatic cancer progression as it evolves within patients. BS-Seq of 4 patients (A13, A38, A124 and A125). Patient A38 included local peritoneal metastasis and 2 distant metastsis (liver and lung mets). Patient A13 included 2 primary tumors and 1 distant lung metastasis. Each sample has been done with replicates. Patient A124 included 2 primary tumors and 1 normal pancreas.
2016-10-24 | E-GEOD-63123 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:During pancreatic cancer progression, heterogeneous subclonal populations evolve in the primary tumor that possess differing capacities to metastasize and cause patient death. However, the genetics of metastasis reflects that of the primary tumor, and PDAC driver mutations arise early. This raises the possibility than an epigenetic process could be operative late. Using an exceptional resource of paired patient samples, we found that different metastatic subclones from the same patient possessed remarkably divergent malignant properties and global epigenetic programs. Global reprogramming was targeted to thousands of large chromatin domains across the genome that collectively specified malignant divergence. This was maintained by a metabolic shift within the pentose phosphate pathway, independent of KRAS driver mutations. Analysis of paired primary and metastatic tumors from multiple patients uncovered substantial epigenetic heterogeneity in primary tumors, which resolved into a terminally reprogrammed state in metastatic lesions. This supports a model whereby driver mutations accumulate early to initiate pancreatic tumorigenesis, followed by a period of subclonal evolution that generates sufficient intra-tumor heterogeneity for selection of epigenetic programs that may increase fitness during malignant progression and metastatic spread. To map the epigenomic landscape of pancreatic cancer progression as it evolves within patients. RNA-Seq of 2 patients (A13 and A38). Patient A38 included local peritoneal metastasis and 2 distant metastsis (liver and lung mets), and 6AN treated and DMSO control samples. Patient A13 included 2 primary tumors and 1 distant lung metastasis. Each sample has been done with replicates.
2016-10-24 | E-GEOD-63124 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Whether cancer driver mutation(s) directly drives cancer immune phenotype and immune tolerance remains a standing question. ARID1A is a core member of the polymorphic BAF chromatin remodeling complex. ARID1A mutations frequently occur in human cancers and drive cancer development. Here, we studied the molecular, cellular, and clinical impact of ARID1A gene status on cancer immunity. We demonstrate that ARID1A mutations, limited expression, and deficiency impair interferon(IFN)-responsive gene chromatin accessibility and expression, resulting in anemic T cell tumor infiltration, weakened tumor immunity, and shortened host survival in many human cancer histologies as well as in murine cancer models, and are negatively associated with immunotherapy response. Mechanistically, ARID1A interacts with EZH2 via its carboxyl terminal and antagonizes EZH2-mediated IFN responsiveness. Thus, the interaction between ARID1A and EZH2 defines cancer IFN-responsiveness and immune evasion. Our work indicates that cancer epigenetic driver mutations can shape cancer immune phenotype and immunotherapy.
2020-05-06 | GSE131916 | GEO
Project description:Whether cancer driver mutation(s) directly drives cancer immune phenotype and immune tolerance remains a standing question. ARID1A is a core member of the polymorphic BAF chromatin remodeling complex. ARID1A mutations frequently occur in human cancers and drive cancer development. Here, we studied the molecular, cellular, and clinical impact of ARID1A gene status on cancer immunity. We demonstrate that ARID1A mutations, limited expression, and deficiency impair interferon(IFN)-responsive gene chromatin accessibility and expression, resulting in anemic T cell tumor infiltration, weakened tumor immunity, and shortened host survival in many human cancer histologies as well as in murine cancer models, and are negatively associated with immunotherapy response. Mechanistically, ARID1A interacts with EZH2 via its carboxyl terminal and antagonizes EZH2-mediated IFN responsiveness. Thus, the interaction between ARID1A and EZH2 defines cancer IFN-responsiveness and immune evasion. Our work indicates that cancer epigenetic driver mutations can shape cancer immune phenotype and immunotherapy.
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