Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: EGAS00001004412 | EGA |
REPOSITORIES: EGA
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Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic urgently needs therapeutic and prophylactic interventions. Here we report the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies by high-throughput single-cell RNA and VDJ sequencing of antigen-enriched B cells from 60 convalescent patients.
| EGAD00001006130 | EGA
Project description:The on-going COVID-19 pandemic requires a deeper understanding of the long-term antibody responses that persist following SARS-CoV-2 infection. To that end, we determined epitope-specific IgG antibody responses in COVID-19 convalescent sera collected at 5 months post-diagnosis and compared that to sera from naïve individuals. Each serum sample was reacted with a high-density peptide microarray representing the complete proteome of SARS-CoV-2 as 15 mer peptides with 11 amino acid overlap and homologs of spike glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, membrane protein, and envelope small membrane protein from related human coronaviruses. Binding signatures were compared between COVID-19 convalescent patients and naïve individuals using the web service tool EPIphany.
2022-02-05 | E-MTAB-10740 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally and caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Although passively delivered neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are in clinical trials, their mechanism of action in vivo is incompletely understood. Here, we define correlates of protection of neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. Whereas Fc effector functions are fully dispensable when mAbs are administered as prophylaxis, they are required for optimal protection as therapy. When given after infection, intact but not LALA-PG loss of Fc effector function variant mAbs reduce SARS-CoV-2 burden and lung disease in mice and hamsters. Fc engagement of neutralizing antibodies mitigates inflammation and improves respiratory mechanics, and transcriptional profiling suggests these phenotypes are associated with diminished innate immune signaling and enhanced tissue repair. Immune cell depletions establish that neutralizing mAbs require monocytes for therapeutic efficacy. Our study demonstrates that therapeutic neutralizing mAbs require Fc effector functions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and modulate protective immune responses.
2021-03-01 | GSE161615 | GEO
Project description:mRNA vaccination of individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provides superior protection against breakthrough infections with variants of concern compared to vaccination in the absence of prior infection. However, the immune mechanisms by which this ‘hybrid immunity’ is generated and maintained are unknown. While genetic variation in spike glycoprotein effectively subverts neutralizing antibodies, spike-specific T cells are generally maintained against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Thus, we comprehensively profiled T cell responses against the S1 and S2 domains of spike glycoprotein in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2-naive or convalescent individuals who received two-dose mRNA vaccine series and were matched by age, sex, and vaccine type. Using flow cytometry, we observed that the overall functional breadth of CD4 T cells as well as polyfunctional Th1 responses were similar between the two groups. However, polyfunctional cytotoxic CD4 T cell responses against both S1 and S2 domains trended higher among convalescent subjects. Multi-modal single-cell RNA sequencing revealed diverse functional programs in spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in both groups. However, convalescent individuals displayed enhanced cytotoxic and antiviral CD8 T cell responses to both S1 and S2 in the absence of cytokine production. Taken together, our data suggest that cytotoxic CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting spike glycoprotein may partially account for hybrid immunity and protection against breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2.
2023-03-01 | GSE223236 | GEO
Project description:The current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic causes medical and socioeconomic havoc. Despite the availability of vaccines, cost-effective treatment options preventing morbidity and mortality are urgently needed. To identify affordable, ubiquitously available, and effective treatments, we tested herbs consumed worldwide as herbal teas regarding their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Aqueous infusions prepared by boiling leaves of the Lamiaceae perilla and sage elicit potent and sustained antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in therapeutic as well as prophylactic regimens. The herbal infusions exerted antiviral effects comparable to interferon-β and remdesivir but outperformed convalescent sera and interferon-α2 upon short-term treatment early after infection. Based on protein fractionation analyses, we identified caffeic acid, perilla aldehyde, and perilla alcohol as antiviral compounds. Global mass-spectrometry (MS) analyses performed comparatively in two different infection models (Vero E6 and Caco-2 cell lines) revealed changes of the proteome upon treatment with herbal infusions and provided insights into the mode of action. As inferred by the MS data, induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) was confirmed as effector mechanism by the antiviral activity of HMOX-1-inducing compounds sulforaphane and fraxetin. In conclusion, herbal teas based on perilla and sage exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 including the variants of concern Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron.
2022-10-25 | PXD030742 | Pride
Project description:COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous costs worldwide and is still threatening public health in the “new normal”. The association between neutralizing antibody levels and metabolic alterations in convalescent patients with COVID-19 is still poorly understood. In the present work, we conducted absolutely quantitative approach to profile the metabolomes in the plasma of the ordinary convalescent patients with antibody (CA), the convalescents of rapidly faded antibodies (CO) as well as the healthy subjects.
2021-09-30 | ST001933 | MetabolomicsWorkbench
Project description:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the lack of therapeutics hinders pandemic control. Although lung disease is the primary clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients, how SARS-CoV-2 induces tissue pathology in the lung remains elusive. Here we describe a high-throughput-based platform to generate tens of thousands of self-organizing, nearly identical, and genetically matched human lung buds derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) cultured on confined geometries on micropattern chips. Strikingly, in vitro-derived human lung buds resemble fetal human lung tissue and display in vivo-like proximo-distal coordination of alveolar and airway tissue differentiation whose 3D epithelial self-organization is directed by the levels of KGF. Single-cell transcriptomics unveiled the cell identities and ontogeny of airway and alveolar tissue and the specification of WNThi cycling alveolar stem cells from alveolar progenitors. These synthetic human lung buds are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be used to track cell type-dependent susceptibilities to infection, intercellular transmission and cytopathology in airway and alveolar tissue in individual synthetic lung buds. We detected an increased susceptibility to infection in alveolar cells and identified cycling alveolar stem cells as targets of SARS-CoV-2. We used this platform to test neutralizing antibodies isolated from convalescent plasma that efficiently blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection and intercellular transmission. Our platform offers unlimited, rapid and scalable access to disease-relevant lung tissue that recapitulate human lung development and can be used to track SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify pre-clinical candidate therapeutics for COVID-19.
2021-12-21 | GSE163698 | GEO
Project description:Convalescent sera of RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 confirmed hospitalised patients were tested on the protein array to profile IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody levels against human coronaviruses.
2022-03-08 | E-MTAB-11523 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Long-term immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection, comprising neutralizing antibodies and T cell-mediated immunity, in a very large majority of the population, is required to reduce the current pandemic. We have investigated in detail the association between memory CD4 and CD8 T cells in recovered COVID-19 subjects, and their levels of neutralizing antibodies.The results show that RBD-specific memory CD4 T cells were particularly variable, and up to half of recovered individuals lacked these CD4 T cells and had much lower neutralizing antibody titres. Conversely, study of additional subjects identified as having low neutralizing antibody titres had very low levels of RBD-specific CD4 T cells. Furthermore, at both the protein and transcriptomic levels, these low antibody subjects had spike-specific CD4 T cells with a higher proportion of an inhibitory phenotype, including Foxp3 and CTLA-4, and less effector phenotype with T-bet and cytotoxic granzymes and perforin. Vaccination led to an improvement in RBD-specific memory CD4 T cells and neutralizing antibody titres in these at-risk subjects. Our results suggest that epitopes within the RBD-region should be the particular target of booster vaccines.
2024-01-24 | GSE198281 | GEO
Project description:We performed a study investigating donors previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to understand how vaccination may reshape T cell populations formed after infection. 10 donors were investigated using single-cell RNA-sequencing consisting of a) 3 mild non-hospitalised donors, b) 3 severe hospitalised donors, c) 1 mild recently vaccinated donor and d) 3 recently convalescent donors. For each of these groups we sampled at the following timepoints a) 6-9 months and 18 months after infection, b) 6-9 months and 18 months after infection, c) 13 months and 15 months after infection and d) 35 days after infection. All donors were unvaccinated at the first time point and vaccinated at the second time point. We stimulated PBMC with an overlapping peptide pool derived from the spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and sorted spike-specific CD4+ T cells (CD4+CD69+CD40L+) and spike-specific CD8+ T cells (CD8+CD69+4-1BB+) from every donor and time point using flow cytometry for 10X single-cell sequencing (5' protocol). Each time point from Dnr4868 was sequenced across two 10X reactions/libraries performed on the same day. Multiple samples were hashed and pooled together for sequencing using TotalSeq-C anti-human hashing antibodies from BioLegend. Individual library expression matrix files were generated using the CellRanger pipeline from 10X Genomics. The processed data file named immune.combined220929.rds is a Seurat Object containing all samples and generated using the Seurat package in R.
2023-06-30 | E-MTAB-12716 | biostudies-arrayexpress