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CCL22 chemokine mutations drive natural killer cell lymphoproliferative disease by biasing GPCR signaling

ABSTRACT: Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of natural killer cells (CLPD-NK) is characterized by clonal expansion of NK cells of incompletely understood genomic basis. Here, we report somatic mutations in the chemokine gene CCL22 as the hallmark of a distinct subset of CLPD-NK. CCL22 mutations were enriched at highly conserved residues, were mutually exclusive of STAT3 mutations, and were associated with gene expression similar to normal CD16dim/CD56bright NK cells. Mechanistically, the mutations resulted in ligand-biased chemokine receptor signaling, with decreased internalization of the G-protein-coupled receptor for CCL22, CCR4, via impaired ÃŽÂ²-arrestin recruitment. This resulted in increased cell chemotaxis in vitro, bidirectional crosstalk with the hematopoietic microenvironment, and enhanced NK cell proliferation in vivo in transgenic human IL-15 mice. Somatic CCL22 mutations illustrate a novel mechanism of tumor formation in which gain-of-function chemokine mutations promote tumorigenesis by biased G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and dysregulation of microenvironmental crosstalk.

PROVIDER: EGAS00001006009 | EGA |

REPOSITORIES: EGA

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Phosphorylation barcodes encoded by CXCR3 agonists direct biased chemokine signaling

Project description:Chemokine receptors (CKRs), a class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), interact with transducers like G proteins and β-arrestins. Many chemokines act as “biased agonists” that activate certain transducers over others. There has been limited success in pharmacologically targeting CKRs, with little evidence that differential receptor phosphorylation, or “phosphorylation barcodes,” direct biased responses. Here, we used mass spectrometry to demonstrate that CXCR3 chemokines generate different phosphorylation barcodes associated with differential activation of transducers. Chemokine stimulation resulted in distinct changes throughout the kinome in global phosphoproteomic studies. Mutation of CXCR3 phosphosites altered β-arrestin conformation and activation in molecular dynamics simulations. T-cells expressing phosphorylation-deficient CXCR3 mutants resulted in agonist- and receptor-specific chemotactic profiles not completely explained by engagement of G proteins and β-arrestins. Our results demonstrate that CXCR3 chemokines act as biased agonists through differential encoding of phosphorylation barcodes, and highlight the limitations of assessing GPCR physiology with proximal effector activity alone.

2023-05-24 | PXD034033 | JPOST Repository

CCL4 Secretion By Interleukin-15 Dendritic Cells Directs Superior Recruitment Of Cd56+ Cytolytic Lymphocytes

Project description:A key requisite for the success of a dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine in treating malignancies is the capacity of the DCs to attract immune effector cells for further interaction and activation, considering crosstalk with DCs is partially regulated by cell-contact-dependent mechanisms. Although critical for therapeutic efficacy, immune cell recruitment is a largely overlooked aspect regarding optimization of DC therapy. In this paper we examine if the so-called interleukin (IL)-15 DC vaccine provides a favorable chemokine milieu for recruiting T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and gamma delta (γδ) T cells, in comparison with the IL-4 DCs used routinely for clinical studies, as well as the underlying mechanisms of immune cell attraction by IL-15 DCs. Chemokine signaling is studied both at the RNA level, using microarray data of mature DCs, and functional level, by means of a transwell chemotaxis assay. Important to note, the classic IL-4 DC vaccine falls short to attract the required immune effector lymphocytes, whereas the IL-15 DCs provide a favorable chemokine milieu for recruiting all cytolytic effector cells. The elevated secretion of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4), also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), by IL-15 DCs underlies the enhanced migratory responsiveness of T cells, NK cells and γδ T cells. Namely, neutralizing its receptor CCR5 resulted in a significant drop in migration of the aforementioned effector cells towards IL-15 DCs. These findings should be kept in mind in the design of future DC-based cancer vaccines.

2016-03-17 | GSE79184 | GEO

RNAseq of CD8 T-cells stimulated with CXCR3 chemokines

Project description:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact with many transducers like G proteins and β-arrestins. Some GPCR agonists act as “biased agonists” which preferentially activate specific signaling transducers over others, leading to unique signaling profiles. The chemokine system, a subfamily of GPCRs that plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases, serves as an endogenous example of biased agonism where over 50 different chemokines ligands and 20 receptors interact promiscuously. In this study, we sought to determine the three different chemokines of the chemkoine receptor CXCR3 generate different transcriptional responses in primary CD8+ T cells. Using RNAseq on CD8+ T cells stimulated with either vehicle control, CXCL9, CXCL10, or CXCL11, the endogenous chemokines of CXCR3, we found that the CXCR3 chemokines promoted unique transcriptional responses that are predicted to differentially regulate inflammatory pathways. We observed significant changes in global transcriptional activation, detecting approximately 48000 transcripts, 887 of which varied by chemokine treatment. There was a high degree of replicability between biological replicates. The overwhelming majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased in transcript level following chemokine treatment. Compared to vehicle control, CXCL11 demonstrated the largest number of DEGs. Importantly, CXCL11 and CXCL10 demonstrate unique transcriptional profiles where the majority of DEGs were only found following treatment with each specific chemokine, rather than being shared across chemokines. These data contrast with that observed at CXCL9 – although it promoted a significant amount of transcriptional regulation, approximately 66% of CXCL9-induced DEGs were shared with CXCL11 and/or CXCL10.

2022-07-23 | GSE192679 | GEO

Mutational scans of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation reveal multiple mechanisms for receptor association

Project description:Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are found to homo- or hetero-oligomerize, but how and why GPCRs associate remains controversial. The class A chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 both homo- and heterodimerize with each other, and crystal structures of CXCR4 in inactive conformations have captured dimeric organization. By selecting libraries of CCR5 and CXCR4 variants based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation, we determine how nearly every single amino acid substitution effects homo-associations. We find three mechanisms for chemokine receptor association: (i) non-specific aggregation in the membrane phase enhanced by destabilizing structural mutations, (ii) specific protein-protein dimerization interfaces, and (iii) motifs in the cytoplasmic tails that are hypothesized to promote lipid raft localization, thereby bringing receptors close together at high density. We identify mutations that tease apart the effects of these respective mechanisms, and show that specific dimer organization, despite reducing agonist binding, is necessary for active signaling within the cell.

2020-05-01 | GSE125426 | GEO

Mapping AT1R biased signaling using proximity-labeling and proteomics identifies diverse actions of biased agonists

Project description:Angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) are one of the most widely studied G protein-coupled receptors. To fully appreciate the diversity in cellular signaling profiles activated by AT1R transducer-biased ligands, we utilized peroxidase-catalyzed proximity labeling to capture proteins in close proximity to AT1Rs in response to six different ligands: Angiotensin II (full agonist), S1I8 (partial agonist), TRV055 and TRV056 (G protein-biased agonists), TRV026 and TRV027 (β-arrestin biased agonists) at 90s, 10min, and 60min after stimulation. We systematically analyzed the kinetics of AT1R trafficking and determined that distinct ligands lead AT1R to different cellular compartments for downstream signaling activation and receptor degradation/recycling. Distinct proximity labelling of proteins from a number of functional classes, including GTPases, adaptor proteins, and kinases were activated by different ligands suggesting unique signaling and physiological roles of the AT1R. Ligands within the same class, i.e. either G protein-biased or -arrestin-biased, shared high similarity in their labelling profiles. Comparison between ligand classes revealed distinct signaling activation such as greater labeling by G protein biased ligands on ESCRT-0 complex proteins that act as sorting machinery for ubiquitinated proteins. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of AT1R receptor trafficking kinetics and signaling activation profiles induced by distinct classes of ligands.

2021-03-25 | PXD023814 | Pride

IL-15-DEPENDENT IMMUNE CROSS-TALK BETWEEN NK CELLS AND DENDRITIC CELLS IN HIV-1 ELITE CONTROLLERS [CUT&RUN]

Project description:As the principal effector cell population of the innate immune system, NK cells may make critical contributions to natural, immune-mediated control of HIV-1 replication. Using genome-wide assessments of activating and inhibitory epigenetic chromatin features, we here demonstrate that cytotoxic NK (cNK) cells from elite controllers (ECs) frequently display elevated activating histone modifications at the IL-2/IL-15 receptor β chain and the BCL-2 gene loci. These epigenetic changes translated into increased responsiveness of cNK cells to paracrine IL-15 secretion, which coincided with higher levels of IL-15 transcription by myeloid dendritic cells in ECs. The distinct immune crosstalk between these two innate immune cell populations resulted in improved IL-15-dependent cNK cell survival, paired with a metabolic profile biased towards IL-15-mediated glycolytic activities. Together, these results suggest that cNK cells from ECs display an epigenetically-programmed IL-15 response signature, and support the emerging role of innate immune pathways in natural, drug-free control of HIV-1.

2023-12-06 | GSE232915 | GEO

IL-15-DEPENDENT IMMUNE CROSS-TALK BETWEEN NK CELLS AND DENDRITIC CELLS IN HIV-1 ELITE CONTROLLERS [RNA-seq]

2023-12-06 | GSE232914 | GEO

The deubiquitylase Otub1 regulates the chemotactic response in splenic B cells by modulating the stability of the g-subunit Gng2

Project description:The ubiquitin (Ub) proteasome system (UPS) performs the covalent attachment of lysine 48-linked poly-Ub chains to substrate proteins, thereby targeting them for degradation, while deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) reverse this process. This post-translational modification system regulates many processes in the innate and adaptive immune system. Here we show that loss of one of the most highly expressed DUBs, Otub1, results in changes in splenic B cell subsets, leading to a significant increase in marginal zone and transitional B cells and a decrease in follicular B cells. We demonstrate that Otub1 interacts with and modulates the ubiquitylation status of the heterotrimeric G-protein g-subunit Gng2, thereby regulating Gng2 stability. Proximal mapping of Gng2 revealed an enrichment in partners associated with cell migration and chemokine signaling. Indeed, Otub1-deficient B cells exhibited sustained chemokine receptor signaling and increased chemokine responsiveness towards Cxcl12, Cxcl13 and S1P in vitro, which manifested in vivo as a defect in the localization of splenic B cells. Together, our data establishes Otub1 as a novel regulator of G-protein coupled receptor signaling (GPCR) in B cells, altering their positioning and differentiation.

2023-02-08 | MSV000091229 | MassIVE

RNA-seq Analysis on the Renal Tissue Injury in the Development of Goslings Gout

Project description:The transcription expressions of gout goslings in renal tissues was significantly different from that of healthy goslings. With P <0.05 and |log2(fold change)| >1 as the selection standards, 1749 differential expression genes were found. Among these, 501 genes were up-regulated and 1248 genes were down-regulated in the gout group. The gene ontology (GO) search revealed many significant terms, including chemokine activity, T cell receptor binding, antigen binding, immune response, G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, inflammatory response and so on. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) selected the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, intestinal immune network for IgA production, cell adhesion molecules. In conclusion, the kidney injuries in gout goslings is closely related to immune response, inflammatory response and cell adhesion processes.

2023-02-04 | GSE144723 | GEO

Evaluation of comprehensive gene expression and NK cell-mediated killing in glioblastoma cell line-derived spheroids [NK_LAK]

Project description:GBM is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with dismal prognosis. NK cells are large granular lymphocytes with natural cytotoxicity against tumor cells, and they should be established for the novel treatment against patients with GBM. We have previously reported highly activated and ex vivo-expanded NK cells derived from human peripheral blood, which is designated as Genuine-induced natural killer cell (GiNK), induced by our specific culture conditions exerted the cytotoxic effect on GBM cells via apoptosis. First, we comprehensively summarized the molecular characteristics, especially focusing on the expression of stem cell markers, extracellular matrix markers, chemokine, chemokine receptors, and the NK receptors’ ligands, of GBM spheroids compared with 2D adherent GBM cells by using microarray. In the spheroid derived from GBM cell lines, gene expression of stem cell markers, extracellular matrix markers, chemokine, chemokine receptor, NK cell inhibitory receptor’ ligand were up-regulated compared with 2D adherent GBM cells. A preclinical evaluation of the NK cells was performed by ex vivo 3D spheroid model derived from GBM cell lines. In 3D spheroid model, the NK cells accumulated and infiltrated around the spheroids and induced the GBM cell death. Flow cytometry-based apoptosis detection assay clearly showed that the NK cells induced the GBM cell death via apoptosis. Our findings could provide pivotal information for the NK cell based-immunotherapy to patients with GBM.

2021-08-19 | GSE182374 | GEO

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