The molecular landscape of homologous recombination deficient, end-stage, high grade serous ovarian cancer
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PROVIDER: EGAS00001006789 | EGA |
REPOSITORIES: EGA
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Project description:High grade serous cancer (HGSC) is frequently characterizsed by homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair deficiency, and while most such tumours are sensitive to initial treatment, acquired resistance is common. We undertook a multi-omics approach to interrogating mechanisms of resistance, using multiple autopsy samples collected from 15 women with HR-deficient HGSC. We observed frequent reversion mutations, resistance mechanisms restoring HR by other means, a high frequency of whole-genome duplication (WGD) suggestive of an evolutionary advantage, and global changes in immune composition with evidence of immune escape. Collectively these findings have implications for therapeutic intervention for HR-deficient HGSC.
2023-02-27 | PXD030034 | Pride
Project description:High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is frequently characterized by homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair deficiency, and while most such tumors are sensitive to initial treatment, acquired resistance is common. We undertook a multi-omics approach to interrogate the molecular diversity in end-stage disease, using multiple autopsy samples collected from 15 women with HR-deficient HGSC. Patients had polyclonal disease, and several resistance mechanisms were identified within most patients, including reversion mutations and HR restoration by other means. We also observed frequent whole genome duplication, and global changes in immune composition with evidence of immune escape. This analysis highlights diverse evolutionary changes within HGSC that conspire to evade therapy and ultimately overwhelm individual patients.
2022-11-12 | GSE217672 | GEO
Project description:High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is frequently characterized by homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair deficiency, and while most such tumors are sensitive to initial treatment, acquired resistance is common. We undertook a multi-omics approach to interrogate the molecular diversity in end-stage disease, using multiple autopsy samples collected from 15 women with HR-deficient HGSC. Patients had polyclonal disease, and several resistance mechanisms were identified within most patients, including reversion mutations and HR restoration by other means. We also observed frequent whole genome duplication, and global changes in immune composition with evidence of immune escape. This analysis highlights diverse evolutionary changes within HGSC that conspire to evade therapy and ultimately overwhelm individual patients. Methylation profiling was done on 29 end stage high grade serous ovarian cancer samples. 38 primary tumours, 6 autopsy tumours and 7 fallopian tube normals from GSE65820 were also used as part of the cohort.
2022-11-12 | GSE217673 | GEO
Project description:53BP1 activity drives genome instability and embryonic lethality in BRCA1-deficient cells by inhibiting homologous recombination (HR).53BP1’s anti-recombinogenic functions require phosphorylation-dependent interactions with two effector complexes, PTIP and RIF1/Shieldin. While RIF1/Shieldin is thought to block 5’-3’ nucleolytic processing of DNA ends, it remains unclear how PTIP antagonizes HR. Here we show that mutation of the PTIP interaction site in 53BP1 (S25A) increases Shieldin association with DNA damage. Despite excessive Shieldin “end-blocking” activity, the mutant protein allows end resection sufficient to rescue the lethality of BRCA1D11 mice. End resection in BRCA1D1153BP1S25A mice is rewired in a manner driven by DNA2 since Shieldin blocks EXO1-mediated nucleolytic processing. Despite ample resection, mutant cells fail to complete HR, as 53BP1/Shieldin also inhibits RNF168-mediated loading of PALB2/RAD51 onto ssDNA post-resection. As a result, BRCA1D1153BP1S25A mice exhibit hallmark features of HR insufficiency, including increased developmental neuronal apoptosis, premature aging and hypersensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Disruption of Shieldin or forced targeting of PALB2 to ssDNA in BRCA1D1153BP1S25A cells restores RNF168 recruitment, RAD51 nucleofilament formation, and PARPi resistance. Our study supports a model in which RIF1/Shieldin and PTIP associate independently with 53BP1 to regulate distinct end-resection pathways, and reveals a critical function of 53BP1/Shieldin post-resection that limits RNF168-mediated loading of RAD51.
2019-10-22 | GSE133806 | GEO
Project description:The response to Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) is dictated by homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair mechanisms and the abundance of lesions that trap PARP enzymes on chromatin. It remains unclear, however, if the established role of PARP in promoting chromatin accessibility impacts viability in these settings. Using a CRISPR based screen, we identify the PAR-binding Snf2-like ATPase, ALC1 as a key determinant of PARPi toxicity in HR-deficient cells. ALC1 loss reduced viability of BRCA mutant cells and enhanced their sensitivity to PARPi by up to 250-fold, while overcoming several known resistance mechanisms. ALC1 loss was not epistatic to other repair pathways that execute the PARPi response. Instead, ALC1 deficiency reduced chromatin accessibility concomitant with a decrease in the association of repair factors. This resulted in an accumulation of replication associated DNA damage and a reliance on HR. These findings establish PAR-dependent chromatin remodeling as a mechanistically distinct aspect of PARPi responses, implicating ALC1 inhibition as a new approach to overcome therapeutic resistance in HR-deficient cancers.
2020-12-02 | GSE150955 | GEO
Project description:The response to Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) is dictated by homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair mechanisms and the abundance of lesions that trap PARP enzymes on chromatin. It remains unclear, however, if the established role of PARP in promoting chromatin accessibility impacts viability in these settings. Using a CRISPR based screen, we identify the PAR-binding Snf2-like ATPase, ALC1 as a key determinant of PARPi toxicity in HR-deficient cells. ALC1 loss reduced viability of BRCA mutant cells and enhanced their sensitivity to PARPi by up to 250-fold, while overcoming several known resistance mechanisms. ALC1 loss was not epistatic to other repair pathways that execute the PARPi response. Instead, ALC1 deficiency reduced chromatin accessibility concomitant with a decrease in the association of repair factors. This resulted in an accumulation of replication associated DNA damage and a reliance on HR. These findings establish PAR-dependent chromatin remodeling as a mechanistically distinct aspect of PARPi responses, implicating ALC1 inhibition as a new approach to overcome therapeutic resistance in HR-deficient cancers.
2020-12-02 | GSE149104 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2022-11-12 | GSE217674 | GEO
Project description:Cross-talk between distinct protein post-translational modifications is critical for an effective DNA damage response. Arginine methylation plays an important role in maintaining genome stability, however how this modification integrates with other enzymatic activities is largely unknown. Here, we identify the deubiquitylating enzyme USP11 as a previously uncharacterised PRMT1 substrate, and that methylation of USP11 promotes DNA end-resection and the repair of DNA double strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR). In addition, we show that PRMT1 is a ubiquitylated protein that it is targeted for deubiquitylation by USP11, and that USP11 regulates the ability of PRMT1 to bind to and methylate MRE11. Interestingly, USP11 methylation by PRMT1 is not required for other USP11 activities during HR, such as PALB2 deubiquitylation. Taken together, our findings reveal a specific role for USP11 during the early stages of DSB repair, which is mediated through its ability to regulate the activity of the PRMT1-MRE11 pathway.
2021-11-02 | PXD028324 | Pride
Project description:INO80 is an evolutionary conserved nucleosome remodelling complex that acts in transcription, replication and genome stability. It is required for resistance against genotoxic agents and involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) by homologous recombination (HR). However, causes underlying the HR defect of INO80-C mutant cells have been controversially discussed. We here unite previous findings using a high-resolution system to study HR in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that INO80-C has at least two distinct functions during HR, which promote DNA end resection and presynaptic filament formation, respectively. Importantly, specifically the second function is linked to the histone variant H2A.Z. In the absence of H2A.Z, presynaptic filament formation and HR are restored in INO80-C-deficient mutants, suggesting that presynaptic filament formation is the crucial INO80-C function during HR.
2017-05-14 | GSE95801 | GEO
Project description:Homologous recombination (HR) deficiency causes DNA breaks and cytogenetic aberrations. Paradoxically, the types of DNA rearrangements specifically associated with HR-deficient cancers only minimally impact chromosomal structure. Addressing this, we combined a genome graph analysis of short-read whole genome sequencing (WGS) profiles across thousands of tumors with deep linked-read (LR) WGS of 46 BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutant breast cancers to discover a distinct class of HR deficiency-enriched rearrangements called reciprocal pairs. LR WGS showed that reciprocal pairs with identical rearrangement orientations gave rise to one of two distinct chromosomal outcomes, distinguishable only with long molecule data. While one (cis) outcome corresponded to the copy and pasting of a small segment to a distant site, a second (trans) outcome was a quasi-balanced translocation or multi-megabase inversion with substantial (10kb) duplications at each junction. The full spectrum of reciprocal pair outcomes could be explained by an HR-independent replication restart repair mechanism. LR WGS additionally identified single-strand annealing (SSA) as a BRCA2-deficiency specific repair pathway in human cancers. Replication restart- and SSA-associated SVs improved BRCA1- vs. BRCA2- deficiency classification and identified metastatic cancer cases with favorable chemotherapy responses. Our data reveal classes of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficiency specific rearrangements as drivers of cytogenetic aberrations in HR deficient cells.
| EGAS00001007186 | EGA