TB-DAR Genotyping Study
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: EGAS00001007216 | EGA |
REPOSITORIES: EGA
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Project description:Active TB patients (sputum smear-positive and GeneXpert-positive) recruited at the Temeke District Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, as part of a prospective study that ran between November 2013 and June 2022.
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Project description:Dynamics of Breast Cancer under Different Rates of Chemoradiotherapy.
Mkango SB1, Shaban N1, Mureithi E1, Ngoma T2.
Author information
1
Department of Mathematics, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35062, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
2
Department of Clinical Oncology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65000, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Abstract
A type of cancer which originates from the breast tissue is referred to as breast cancer. Globally, it is the most common cause of death in women. Treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy are the main strategies in the fight against breast cancer. The present study aims at investigating the effects of the combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy as a way to treat breast cancer, and different treatment approaches are incorporated into the model. Also, the model is fitted to data on patients with breast cancer in Tanzania. We determine new treatment strategies, and finally, we show that when sufficient amount of chemotherapy and radiotherapy with a low decay rate is used, the drug will be significantly more effective in combating the disease while health cells remain above the threshold.
Copyright © 2019 Sara B. Mkango et al.
2020-01-20 | MODEL1912120005 | BioModels
Project description:Human infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in a continuum of ill-defined, clinical manifestations with stable latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and severe active disease at the ends. Identifying different states of infection is of importance to tuberculosis (TB) control since risk of developing active disease varies among different asymptomatic states while infectiousness varies among patients with different bacterial burden. We investigated changes in proteome-scale antibody responses during disease progression in a non-human primate model of tuberculosis. We probed M. tuberculosis proteome microarrays with serial sera collected from three infection-outcome groups (active, reactivation, and latent). We found that each infection outcome is associated with characteristic changes in the antibody levels and number of antigenic targets, which suggested an association between antibody responses and bacillary burden. Additional proteome-scale serological profiling of > 400 human TB suspects established that antibody responses are positively associated with bacterial load. Thus tuberculosis-specific antibody levels and number of antigenic targets increases with disease progression. Serum samples collected from adult patients with suspected tuberculosis during a multi-site study was used to probe whole proteome microarrays. Subject recruitment was conducted under uniform protocols approved by the institutional ethics committee at each site. Final diagnosis of active TB was based on positive M. tuberculosis culture results. The active TB patients were further subdivided into smear-positive and negative disease based on results of Ziehl-Neelsen staining of sputum smears for acid fast bacilli. Active TB was excluded as a diagnosis (Non-TB Disease [NTBD] patients) based on having negative M. tuberculosis culture and smear results and on having an alternate diagnosis. All subjects were presumably negative for HIV infection given the very low incidence of HIV infection in the study sites. Sera from 169 TB and 242 NTBD patients were selected for microarray probing. The control sera (n = 14) which was used to generate negative control distribution for each protein were negative to latent M. tuberculosis infection, as indicated by negative results to tuberculin skin test.
2012-07-05 | E-GEOD-30722 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Klebsiella pneumoniae carriage in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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2014-01-01 | E-MTAB-2074 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient infectious disease that remains one of the major health threats in humans worldwide. Biosignatures can play a significant role in the development of novel intervention measures against TB and blood transcriptional profiling is increasingly exploited for their rational design. We have compared whole blood gene expression in TB patients, as well as in healthy infected and uninfected individuals in a cohort in The Gambia, West Africa and validated previously identified signatures showing high similarities of expression profiles among different cohorts. In this study, we applied a unique combination of classical gene expression analysis with pathway and functional association analysis integrated with intra-individual expression correlations. These gene signature analyses were employed for pathognomonic associations, identifying a network of Fc gamma receptor 1 signaling with correlating transcriptional activity as hallmark of gene expression in TB. Remarkable similarities to characteristic signatures in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were observed, and functional gene clusters of immunoregulatory interactions provide detailed insights into the dysregulation of critical immune processes in TB. Transcriptomics thus (i) provides a robust system for identification and validation of biosignatures for TB diagnosis and (ii) application of integrated analysis tools yields novel insights into functional networks underlying TB pathogenesis. A total of 46 sputum smear and chest x-ray positive TB patients (TB), 25 latently infected healthy donors (LTBI, TB case contacts with Mantoux test induration >= 10mm) and 37 uninfected donors (NID, Mantoux test induration = 0mm) were included from a cohort in The Gambia. All subjects were HIV– and samples from TB patients were taken prior to chemotherapy. Whole blood RNA was extracted using the PAXgene Blood RNA Kit (PreAnalytix) and labeled with Agilents Fluorescent Linear Amplification Kit. Quantity and labeling efficiency were verified before hybridization of the samples to whole-genome 4×44k human expression arrays and scanned at 5 μm using an Agilent scanner.
2011-10-27 | E-GEOD-28623 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The aim of this study was to compare the transcriptional response to TB in regions of different incidence / prevalence. Experimental Design: Whole blood collected in tempus tubes from patients with different spectra of TB disease. All patients were sampled prior to the initiation of any antimycobacterial therapy. Active Pulmonary TB: PTB - All patients confirmed by isolation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis on culture of sputum. Latent TB: LTB - All patients were screened at a tuberculosis clinic. All were positive by Interferon-Gamma Release assay(IGRA); specifically Quantiferon Gold In-Tube Assay (Cellestis, Australia). Latent patients had no clinical, or microbiological evidence of active infection and were asymptomatic. Experimental Variables: Patient group: Active PTB; Latent TB. There are no healthy controls in this dataset as it was being used for validation only. Controls: Latent TB individuals are used as a control for PTB in this dataset since there are few to no unexposed adult controls in Cape Town.
2010-08-11 | E-GEOD-19442 | biostudies-arrayexpress