The Epstein-Barr virus B-ZIP protein Zta recognizes specific DNA sequences containing 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): synthetic construct Mus musculus human gammaherpesvirus 4
PROVIDER: GSE100871 | GEO | 2017/10/26
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA393322
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B-ZIP transcription factor Zta binds to many DNA sequences containing methylated CG dinucleotides. Using protein binding microarrays (PBMs), we analyzed the sequence specific DNA binding of Zta to four kinds of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA): (1) DNA containing cytosine in both strands, (2) DNA with 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in one strand and cytosine in the second strand, (3) DNA with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in one strand and cytosine in the second strand, and (4) DNA in which both cytosines in all CG dinucleotides contain 5mC. We compared these data to PBM data for three additional B-ZIP proteins (CREB1 and CEBPB homodimers and cJun|cFos heterodimers). With cytosine, Zta binds the TRE motif TGAC/GTCA as previously reported. With CG dinucleotides containing 5mC on both strands, many TRE motif variants containing a methylated CG dinucleotide at two positions in the motif, such as MGAGTCA and TGAGMGA (where M = 5mC), were preferentially bound. 5mC inhibits binding of Zta to both TRE motif half-sites GTCA and CTCA. Like the CREB1 homodimer, the Zta homodimer and the cJun|cFos heterodimer more strongly bind the C/EBP half-site tetranucleotide GCAA when it contains 5mC. Zta also binds dsDNA sequences containing 5hmC in one strand, although the effect is less dramatic than that observed for 5mC. Our results identify new DNA sequences that are well-bound by the viral B-ZIP protein Zta only when they contain 5mC or 5hmC, uncovering the potential for discovery of new viral and host regulatory programs controlled by EBV.
| S-EPMC5907473 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B-ZIP transcription factor (TF) Zta binds to many DNA sequences containing methylated CG dinucleotides. Using protein binding microarrays (PBMs), we analyzed the binding of Zta to four kinds of double-stranded DNA: 1) DNA containing cytosine on both strands, 2) DNA with 5-methylcytosine (5mC) on one strand and cytosine on the second strand, 3) DNA with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) on one strand and cytosine on the second strand, and 4) DNA where both cytosines in all CG dinucleotides contain 5mC. We compared the resulting data to PBM data for three other B-ZIP proteins (CREB1 and CEBPB homodimers, and cFos-cJun heterodimers). With cytosine, Zta binds the TRE motif TGAC/GTCA as previously reported. With CG dinucleotides containing 5mC on both strands, many TRE motif variants containing a methylated CG dinucleotide at two positions in the motif, such as MGAGTCA and TGAGMGA (where M=5mC) were preferentially bound. 5mC inhibits Zta binding to both TRE motif half sites GTCA and CTCA. Like the CREB1 homodimer, the Zta homodimer and the cJun|cFos heterodimer bind the C/EBP half site tetranucleotide GCAA stronger when it contains 5mC. Our results identify new DNA sequences that are well-bound by the viral B-ZIP protein Zta only when they contain 5mC or 5hmC, opening the potential for discovery of new viral and host regulatory programs controlled by EBV.
2017-10-26 | GSE100870 | GEO
Project description:The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B-ZIP transcription factor (TF) Zta binds to many DNA sequences containing methylated CG dinucleotides. Using protein binding microarrays (PBMs), we analyzed the binding of Zta to four kinds of double-stranded DNA: 1) DNA containing cytosine on both strands, 2) DNA with 5-methylcytosine (5mC) on one strand and cytosine on the second strand, 3) DNA with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) on one strand and cytosine on the second strand, and 4) DNA where both cytosines in all CG dinucleotides contain 5mC. We compared the resulting data to PBM data for three other B-ZIP proteins (CREB1 and CEBPB homodimers, and cFos-cJun heterodimers). With cytosine, Zta binds the TRE motif TGAC/GTCA as previously reported. With CG dinucleotides containing 5mC on both strands, many TRE motif variants containing a methylated CG dinucleotide at two positions in the motif, such as MGAGTCA and TGAGMGA (where M=5mC) were preferentially bound. 5mC inhibits Zta binding to both TRE motif half sites GTCA and CTCA. Like the CREB1 homodimer, the Zta homodimer and the cJun|cFos heterodimer bind the C/EBP half site tetranucleotide GCAA stronger when it contains 5mC. Our results identify new DNA sequences that are well-bound by the viral B-ZIP protein Zta only when they contain 5mC or 5hmC, opening the potential for discovery of new viral and host regulatory programs controlled by EBV.
2017-10-26 | GSE100869 | GEO
Project description:The Epstein-Barr virus B-ZIP protein Zta recognizes specific DNA sequences containing 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
| PRJNA393322 | ENA
Project description:The Epstein-Barr virus B-ZIP protein Zta recognizes specific DNA sequences containing 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine [Zta_5mCG]
| PRJNA393327 | ENA
Project description:The Epstein-Barr virus B-ZIP protein Zta recognizes specific DNA sequences containing 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine [Zta_5mC_5hmC]
| PRJNA393332 | ENA
Project description:The key viral gene responsible for initiating the replicative cycle of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), termed BZLF1, encodes the multifunctional protein Zta (ZEBRA or Z). It interacts with DNA as both a transcription and a replication factor, modulates both intracellular signal transduction and the DNA-damage response and manipulates cell cycle progression. Muller and colleagues have resolved the structure of Zta bound to DNA, which confirms some structural predictions but reveals an unexpected twist and a complex dimerization interface. Because EBV is associated with human disease, Zta presents a prime target for drug design.
| S-EPMC4221735 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Several studies have implicated gamma-herpesviruses, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The data presented here examine the possible role that EBV plays in the potentiation of this disease by evaluating the pulmonary response to expression of the EBV lytic transactivator protein Zta. Expression of Zta in the lungs of mice via adenovirus-mediated delivery (Adv-Zta) produced profibrogenic inflammation that appeared most pronounced by day 7 postexposure. Relative to mice exposed to control GFP-expressing adenovirus (Adv-GFP), mice exposed to Adv-Zta displayed evidence of lung injury and a large increase in inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils, recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Cytokine and mRNA profiling of the BAL fluid and cells recovered from Adv-Zta-treated mice revealed a Th2 and Th17 bias. mRNA profiles from Adv-Zta-infected lung epithelial cells revealed consistent induction of mRNAs encoding Th2 cytokines. Coexpression in transient assays of wild-type Zta, but not a DNA-binding-defective mutant Zta, activated expression of the IL-13 promoter in lung epithelial cells, and detection of IL-13 in Adv-Zta-treated mice correlated with expression of Zta. Induction of Th2 cytokines in Zta-expressing mice corresponded with alternative activation of macrophages. In cell culture and in mice, Zta repressed lung epithelial cell markers. Despite the profibrogenic character at day 7, the inflammation resolves by 28 days postexposure to Adv-Zta without evidence of fibrosis. These observations indicate that the EBV lytic transactivator protein Zta displays activity consistent with a pathogenic role in pulmonary fibrosis associated with herpesvirus infection.
| S-EPMC3006272 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Zta protein is a key transactivator involved in initiating the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cascade. In addition to transactivating many viral genes, Zta has the capacity to influence host cellular signals by binding to promoter regions or by interacting with several important cellular factors. Based on the observation that tyrosine kinases play central roles in determining the fate of cells, a kinase display assay was used to investigate whether cells expressing Zta have an altered pattern of kinase expression. The assay revealed that TRK-related tyrosine kinase (TKT) is expressed at significant levels in Zta transfectants but not in control cells. Additional evidence was obtained from Northern and Western blotting. Importantly, the upregulation of phosphorylated TKT and TKT downstream effector matrix metalloproteinase 1 in Zta transfectants hinted that TKT might initiate a signaling cascade in Zta-expressing cells. In addition, deletion analysis of the Zta protein revealed that the transactivation and dimerization domains were both essential for the upregulation of TKT transcription. Moreover, correlation of expression levels of Zta and TKT transcripts in nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsy specimens was clearly demonstrated by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), which provides the first evidence for an effect of Zta on cellular gene expression in vivo. These findings offer insight into the virus-cell interactions and may help us elucidate the role of EBV in tumorigenesis.
| S-EPMC112259 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The human gamma herpes virus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exploits multiple routes to evade the cellular immune response. During the EBV lytic replication cycle, viral proteins are expressed that provide excellent targets for recognition by cytotoxic T cells. This is countered by the viral BNLF2a gene. In B cells during latency, where BNLF2a is not expressed, we show that its regulatory region is embedded in repressive chromatin. The expression of BNLF2a mirrors the expression of a viral lytic cycle transcriptional regulator, Zta (BZLF1, EB1, ZEBRA), in B cells and we propose that Zta plays a role in up-regulating BNLF2a. In cells undergoing EBV lytic replication, we identified two distinct regions of interaction of Zta with the chromatin-associated BNLF2a promoter. We identify five potential Zta-response elements (ZREs) in the promoter that are highly conserved between virus isolates. Zta binds to these elements in vitro and activates the expression of the BNLF2a promoter in both epithelial and B cells. We also found redundancy amongst the ZREs. The EBV genome undergoes a biphasic DNA methylation cycle during its infection cycle. One of the ZREs contains an integral CpG motif. We show that this can be DNA methylated during EBV latency and that both Zta binding and promoter activation are enhanced by its methylation. In summary, we find that the BNLF2a promoter is directly targeted by Zta and that DNA methylation within the proximal ZRE aids activation. The implications for regulation of this key viral gene during the reactivation of EBV from latency are discussed.
| S-EPMC6096924 | biostudies-literature