JMJD6 licenses estrogen receptor alpha-dependent enhancer RNA and coding gene activation by modulating CARM1/MED12 co-activator complex in breast cancer
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE101562 | GEO | 2018/04/16
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Whereas the actions of enhancers in gene transcriptional regulation are well established, roles of JmjC-domain-containing proteins in mediating enhancer activation remain poorly understood. Here, we report that recruitment of the JmjC-domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) to estrogen receptor alpha (ER?)-bound active enhancers is required for RNA polymerase II recruitment and enhancer RNA production on enhancers, resulting in transcriptional pause release of cognate estrogen target genes. JMJD6 is found to interact with MED12 in the mediator complex to regulate its recruitment. Unexpectedly, JMJD6 is necessary for MED12 to interact with CARM1, which methylates MED12 at multiple arginine sites and regulates its chromatin binding. Consistent with its role in transcriptional activation, JMJD6 is required for estrogen/ER?-induced breast cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. Our data have uncovered a critical regulator of estrogen/ER?-induced enhancer coding gene activation and breast cancer cell potency, providing a potential therapeutic target of ER-positive breast cancers.
| S-EPMC6258263 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Enhancers are genomic regulatory elements shown to play key roles in controlling cell type-specific gene expression, regulated by signal-dependent transcription factors and co-factors. Distinct classes of enhancers can specify distinct gene expression profiles and biological outcomes. Recent studies suggested that bidirectional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), referred as enhancer RNA (eRNAs), are transcribed on enhancers, which are tightly associated with enhancer activity. However, the protein factors which govern the activation of enhancers remain poorly characterized. Here we reported that a Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing protein demethylase, JMJD6, is a determinant for estrogen/estrogen receptor (ER)-induced enhancer activation, coding gene transcription, breast cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, JMJD6 was found to be specifically recruited onto ER-bound active enhancers in response to estrogen stimulation, which was required for RNA Pol II recruitment and eRNA production of enhancers, leading to transcriptional activation of cognate estrogen target genes. Furthermore, JMJD6 was found to be physically and functionally associated with MED12 in the mediator complex to regulate estrogen-induced transcriptional activation, with JMJD6 was required for MED12 recruitment onto active enhancers. Specifically, JMJD6 was essential for MED12 to interact with CARM1, an arginine methyltransferase well known to be implicated in estrogen-induced transcriptional activation, which methylated MED12 at its c-terminus at multiple arginine methylation sites and was required for MED12 binding with chromatin. Collectively, our data uncovered a critical regulator of estrogen/estrogen receptor-induced enhancer activation and coding gene transcription, providing a potential drug candidate for developing novel strategies targeting ER-positive breast cancers.
2018-04-16 | GSE101560 | GEO
Project description:Enhancers are genomic regulatory elements shown to play key roles in controlling cell type-specific gene expression, regulated by signal-dependent transcription factors and co-factors. Distinct classes of enhancers can specify distinct gene expression profiles and biological outcomes. Recent studies suggested that bidirectional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), referred as enhancer RNA (eRNAs), are transcribed on enhancers, which are tightly associated with enhancer activity. However, the protein factors which govern the activation of enhancers remain poorly characterized. Here we reported that a Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing protein demethylase, JMJD6, is a determinant for estrogen/estrogen receptor (ER)-induced enhancer activation, coding gene transcription, breast cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, JMJD6 was found to be specifically recruited onto ER-bound active enhancers in response to estrogen stimulation, which was required for RNA Pol II recruitment and eRNA production of enhancers, leading to transcriptional activation of cognate estrogen target genes. Furthermore, JMJD6 was found to be physically and functionally associated with MED12 in the mediator complex to regulate estrogen-induced transcriptional activation, with JMJD6 was required for MED12 recruitment onto active enhancers. Specifically, JMJD6 was essential for MED12 to interact with CARM1, an arginine methyltransferase well known to be implicated in estrogen-induced transcriptional activation, which methylated MED12 at its c-terminus at multiple arginine methylation sites and was required for MED12 binding with chromatin. Collectively, our data uncovered a critical regulator of estrogen/estrogen receptor-induced enhancer activation and coding gene transcription, providing a potential drug candidate for developing novel strategies targeting ER-positive breast cancers.
2018-04-16 | GSE101559 | GEO
Project description:JMJD6 licenses estrogen receptor alpha-dependent enhancer RNA and coding gene activation by modulating CARM1/MED12 co-activator complex in breast cancer
| PRJNA394829 | ENA
Project description:The coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase (CARM1) functions as a regulator of transcription by methylating a diverse array of substrates. To broaden our understanding of CARM1's mechanistic actions, we sought to identify additional substrates for this enzyme. To do this, we generated CARM1 substrate motif antibodies, and used immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry to identify cellular targets of CARM1, including mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) and the lysine methyltransferase KMT2D. Both of these proteins are implicated in enhancer function. We identified the major CARM1-mediated MED12 methylation site as arginine 1899 (R1899), which interacts with the Tudor domain-containing effector molecule, TDRD3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq studies revealed that CARM1 and the methyl mark it deposits are tightly associated with ER?-specific enhancers and positively modulate transcription of estrogen-regulated genes. In addition, we showed that the methylation of MED12, at the R1899 site, and the recruitment of TDRD3 by this methylated motif are critical for the ability of MED12 to interact with activating noncoding RNAs.
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Project description:NRIF3 is an estrogen-inducible nuclear receptor coregulator that stimulates estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) transactivation functions and associates with the endogenous ER and its target gene promoter. p21-activated protein kinase 1 (Pak1) phosphorylates ERalpha at Ser305 and this modification is important in ERalpha transactivation function. Although ERalpha transactivation functions are regulated by co-activator activity of NRIF3, it remains unclear whether Pak1 could impact ER functions via a posttranslational modification of NRIF3. Here, we report that Pak1 phosphorylates NRIF3 at Serine28 and that NRIF3 binds to Pak1 in vitro and in vivo. We found that NRIF3 phosphorylation, co-activator activity and association with ERalpha increased following Pak1 phosphorylation of NRIF3's Ser28 and that activated ERalpha-Ser305 and NRIF3-Ser28 cooperatively support transactivation of ERalpha. NRIF3 expression increased significantly in cells with inducible Pak1 expression. We found that NRIF3 and ERalpha interaction, subcellular localization and ERalpha transactivation activity all increased in cells expressing the Pak1 phosphorylation-mimicking mutant NRIF3-Ser28Glu. Consistently, the NRIF3-Ser28Glu mutant exhibited an enhanced recruitment to the endogenous ER target genes and increased expression following estrogen stimulation. Finally, breast cancer cells with stable overexpression of NRIF3 showed increased proliferation and enhanced anchorage-independent growth. These findings suggest that NRIF3-Ser28 is a physiologic target of Pak1 signaling and contributes to the enhanced NRIF3 co-activator activity, leading to coordinated potentiation of ERalpha transactivation, its target gene expression and estrogen responsiveness of breast cancer cells.
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Project description:Signaling via estrogen receptor (ER) occurs by interacting with many proteins. Nuclear interactome analysis of ERα in an embryo implantation model revealed the association of chicken tumor virus no. 10 regulator of kinase like (CrkL) with ERα, which was further validated by mammalian two-hybrid assay as well as coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization. Mutation in LPALL motif of CrkL disrupts the ERα-CrkL interaction and its transactivation potential, thereby suggesting that the interaction is mediated via its single ER binding motif, Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Leu (LXXLL) motif in the sarcoma homology (SH)2 domain. CrkL deletion constructs of SH2 domain target to the nucleus due to presence of nuclear localization signal. Interestingly, the SH2-SH3 (N terminal) construct shows an increased transactivation potential like CrkI. Weak interaction capability of mutated ERα-Y538F with CrkL validates that CrkL interacts with ERα via its YDLL motif at Tyr 541. In an attempt to understand the physiological relevance of this association, we investigated the impact on cell proliferation using a cancer model, because events associated in the process of pregnancy and cancer are analogous. Also, overexpression of CrkL is frequently associated with tumorigenesis. However, its significance in hormone-regulated cancers still remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that association of ERα and CrkL directly enhances the tumorigenic potential of CrkL, thus pointing to its role in cell proliferation. In human endometrial cancers, we observed a strong association between ERα and CrkL levels. Thus, the molecular signaling set off by ERα and CrkL association may have a central role in pregnancy and cancer, two events which share parallels in growth, invasion, and immune tolerance.
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Project description:MAF-amplification increases the risk of breast cancer (BCa) metastasis through poorly understood mechanisms but with important clinical implications. Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BCa associated with estrogen (E2) dependency sustains growth of early of breast carcinomas, but ultimately, supports metastasis by unknown mechanisms. Here we integrate proteomics, (epi)genomics and functional assays derived from human and syngeneic BCa mouse models to show that MAF directly interacts with ERalpha, thereby promoting a unique chromatin state that favors the metastatic spread of ER+ BCa cells. Indeed, we identify a set of metastasis-promoting genes that are de novo licenced following EERa2-exposure in a MAF-dependent manner. Among these we found factors influence the establishment of cellular identity and with a known role in metastasis initiation (e.g. SOX9), as well as modulators of the bone stroma, which can ultimately aid in preparing the bone metastatic “soil” (e.g. FGF18, PTHLH and JAG1). Central to the epigenomic remodeling that facilitates the expression of the MAF/E2 gene set is the histone demethylase KDM1A. Indeed, loss of KDM1A activity prevents MAF/E2-mediated BCa metastasis. Collectively, here we disentangle the molecular framework that underlies MAF/E2-mediated metastasis and demonstrate that genetic, epigenetic and hormonal systemic cues are integrated in BCa cells to determine their metastatic success, and with it patient prognosis.
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Project description:The estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is activated as a transcription factor by both estrogen and a large variety of other extracellular signals. The mechanisms of this ligand-independent activation, notably by cAMP signaling, are still largely unknown. We now close the gap in the signaling pathway between cAMP and ERalpha. Whereas the direct phosphorylation of ERalpha by the cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) is dispensable, the phosphorylation of the coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) by PKA at a single serine is necessary and sufficient for direct binding to the unliganded hormone-binding domain (HBD) of ERalpha, and the interaction is necessary for cAMP activation of ERalpha. Sustained PKA activity promoting a constitutive interaction may contribute to tamoxifen resistance of breast tumors. Binding and activation involve a novel regulatory groove of the ERalpha HBD. As a result, depending on the activating signal, ERalpha recruits different coactivator complexes to regulate alternate sets of target genes.
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