A somatic role for the histone methyltransferase Setdb1 in endogenous retrovirus silencing [RNA-Seq]
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE102486 | GEO | 2018/04/02
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Subsets of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are derepressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) deficient for Setdb1, which catalyzes histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). Most of those ERVs, including IAPs, remain silent if Setdb1 is deleted in differentiated embryonic cells; however they are derepressed when deficient for Dnmt1, suggesting that Setdb1 is dispensable for ERV silencing in somatic cells. However, H3K9me3 enrichment on ERVs is maintained in differentiated cells and is mostly diminished in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Setdb1. We find that distinctive sets of ERVs are reactivated in different types of Setdb1-deficient somatic cells, including the VL30-class of ERVs in MEFs, whose derepression is dependent on cell type-specific transcription factors (TFs). These data suggest a more general role for Setdb1 in ERV silencing, which provides an additional layer of epigenetic silencing through the H3K9me3 modification.
2018-04-02 | GSE102487 | GEO
Project description:Silencing of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) is largely mediated by repressive chromatin modifications, such as H3K9me3 and DNA methylation. Their impact on ERV silencing differs in various cell types and, no systematic analyses on the interdependence between H3K9me3 and DNA methylation have been performed in differentiated cells. Here we show that deletion of the H3K9me3 HMTase Setdb1 in mouse embryonic endoderm results in ERV de-repression in only a subset of endoderm cells. We found that de-repression is restricted to visceral endoderm descendants and does not occur in definitive endoderm cells. Deletion of Setdb1 in visceral endoderm progenitors resulted in loss of H3K9me3 and reduced DNA methylation of IAPEz, consistent with up-regulation of this ERV family. In definitive endoderm cells, loss of Setdb1 did not affect H3K9me3 nor DNA methylation, suggesting Setdb1-independent pathways for maintaining these modifications. Importantly, Dnmt1 ko resulted in ERV de-repression in both visceral and definitive endoderm cells, while H3K9me3 was unaltered. Thus, our data suggest a dominant role of DNA methylation over H3K9me3 in ERV silencing in endoderm cells. Our findings suggest, that H3K9me3 is not sufficient for ERV silencing, but rather critical for maintaining high DNA methylation.
2022-08-01 | GSE169464 | GEO
Project description:Silencing of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) is largely mediated by repressive chromatin modifications, such as H3K9me3 and DNA methylation. Their impact on ERV silencing differs in various cell types and, no systematic analyses on the interdependence between H3K9me3 and DNA methylation have been performed in differentiated cells. Here we show that deletion of the H3K9me3 HMTase Setdb1 in mouse embryonic endoderm results in ERV de-repression in only a subset of endoderm cells. We found that de-repression is restricted to visceral endoderm descendants and does not occur in definitive endoderm cells. Deletion of Setdb1 in visceral endoderm progenitors resulted in loss of H3K9me3 and reduced DNA methylation of IAPEz, consistent with up-regulation of this ERV family. In definitive endoderm cells, loss of Setdb1 did not affect H3K9me3 nor DNA methylation, suggesting Setdb1-independent pathways for maintaining these modifications. Importantly, Dnmt1 ko resulted in ERV de-repression in both visceral and definitive endoderm cells, while H3K9me3 was unaltered. Thus, our data suggest a dominant role of DNA methylation over H3K9me3 in ERV silencing in endoderm cells. Our findings suggest, that H3K9me3 is not sufficient for ERV silencing, but rather critical for maintaining high DNA methylation.
2022-08-01 | GSE169463 | GEO
Project description:Silencing of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) is largely mediated by repressive chromatin modifications, such as H3K9me3 and DNA methylation. Their impact on ERV silencing differs in various cell types and, no systematic analyses on the interdependence between H3K9me3 and DNA methylation have been performed in differentiated cells. Here we show that deletion of the H3K9me3 HMTase Setdb1 in mouse embryonic endoderm results in ERV de-repression in only a subset of endoderm cells. We found that de-repression is restricted to visceral endoderm descendants and does not occur in definitive endoderm cells. Deletion of Setdb1 in visceral endoderm progenitors resulted in loss of H3K9me3 and reduced DNA methylation of IAPEz, consistent with up-regulation of this ERV family. In definitive endoderm cells, loss of Setdb1 did not affect H3K9me3 nor DNA methylation, suggesting Setdb1-independent pathways for maintaining these modifications. Importantly, Dnmt1 ko resulted in ERV de-repression in both visceral and definitive endoderm cells, while H3K9me3 was unaltered. Thus, our data suggest a dominant role of DNA methylation over H3K9me3 in ERV silencing in endoderm cells. Our findings suggest, that H3K9me3 is not sufficient for ERV silencing, but rather critical for maintaining high DNA methylation.
2022-08-01 | GSE169462 | GEO
Project description:Silencing of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) is largely mediated by repressive chromatin modifications, such as H3K9me3 and DNA methylation. Their impact on ERV silencing differs in various cell types and, no systematic analyses on the interdependence between H3K9me3 and DNA methylation have been performed in differentiated cells. Here we show that deletion of the H3K9me3 HMTase Setdb1 in mouse embryonic endoderm results in ERV de-repression in only a subset of endoderm cells. We found that de-repression is restricted to visceral endoderm descendants and does not occur in definitive endoderm cells. Deletion of Setdb1 in visceral endoderm progenitors resulted in loss of H3K9me3 and reduced DNA methylation of IAPEz, consistent with up-regulation of this ERV family. In definitive endoderm cells, loss of Setdb1 did not affect H3K9me3 nor DNA methylation, suggesting Setdb1-independent pathways for maintaining these modifications. Importantly, Dnmt1 ko resulted in ERV de-repression in both visceral and definitive endoderm cells, while H3K9me3 was unaltered. Thus, our data suggest a dominant role of DNA methylation over H3K9me3 in ERV silencing in endoderm cells. Our findings suggest, that H3K9me3 is not sufficient for ERV silencing, but rather critical for maintaining high DNA methylation.
2022-08-01 | GSE139127 | GEO
Project description:Silencing of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) is largely mediated by repressive chromatin modifications, such as H3K9me3 and DNA methylation. Their impact on ERV silencing differs in various cell types and, no systematic analyses on the interdependence between H3K9me3 and DNA methylation have been performed in differentiated cells. Here we show that deletion of the H3K9me3 HMTase Setdb1 in mouse embryonic endoderm results in ERV de-repression in only a subset of endoderm cells. We found that de-repression is restricted to visceral endoderm descendants and does not occur in definitive endoderm cells. Deletion of Setdb1 in visceral endoderm progenitors resulted in loss of H3K9me3 and reduced DNA methylation of IAPEz, consistent with up-regulation of this ERV family. In definitive endoderm cells, loss of Setdb1 did not affect H3K9me3 nor DNA methylation, suggesting Setdb1-independent pathways for maintaining these modifications. Importantly, Dnmt1 ko resulted in ERV de-repression in both visceral and definitive endoderm cells, while H3K9me3 was unaltered. Thus, our data suggest a dominant role of DNA methylation over H3K9me3 in ERV silencing in endoderm cells. Our findings suggest, that H3K9me3 is not sufficient for ERV silencing, but rather critical for maintaining high DNA methylation.
2022-08-01 | GSE139126 | GEO
Project description:Genome stability relies on epigenetic mechanisms that enforce repression of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Current evidence suggests that distinct chromatin-based mechanisms repress ERVs in cells of embryonic origin (histone methylation-dominant) versus more differentiated cells (DNA methylation-dominant). However, the latter aspect of this model has not been tested. Remarkably, and in contrast to the prevailing model, we find that repressive histone methylation catalyzed by the enzyme SETDB1 is critical for suppression of specific ERV families and exogenous retroviruses in committed B-lineage cells from adult mice. The profile of ERV activation in SETDB1-deficient B cells is distinct from that observed in corresponding embryonic tissues, despite the loss of repressive chromatin modifications at all ERVs. We provide evidence that, upon loss of SETDB1, ERVs are activated in a lineage-specific manner depending on the set of transcription factors available to target proviral regulatory elements. These findings have important implications for genome stability in somatic cells, as well as the interface between epigenetic repression and viral latency. Expression profiling and bisulfite PCR sequencing in Setdb1 C/C and Setdb1 D/D pro-B cells
2015-07-03 | E-GEOD-69464 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) play important roles in silencing of genes and retroelements. However, a comprehensive comparison of genes and repetitive elements repressed by these pathways has not been reported. Here we show that in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), the genes up-regulated following deletion of the H3K9 methyltransferase Setdb1 are distinct from those de-repressed in mESC deficient in the DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, with the exception of a small number of primarily germline-specific genes. Numerous endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) lose H3K9me3 and are concomitantly de-repressed exclusively in SETDB1 knockout mESCs. Strikingly, ~15% of up-regulated genes are induced in association with de-repression of promoter proximal ERVs, half in the context of "chimaeric" transcripts that initiate within these retroelements and splice to genic exons. Thus, SETDB1 plays a previously unappreciated yet critical role in inhibiting aberrant gene transcription by suppressing the expression of proximal ERVs. NChIP-seq and mRNA-seq of WT, SETDB1 KO and DMNT1 TKO mESCs
2011-05-21 | E-GEOD-29413 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: MORC proteins are involved in epigenetic gene silencing in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms. Deletion of MORCs result in several developmental abnormalities and their dysregulation has been implicated in developmental disease and multiple cancers. Specifically, mutations of mammalian MORC3 have been associated with immune system defects, Down syndrome and human cancers such as bladder, uterine, stomach, and lung cancers, and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. While previous studies have shown that MORC3 binds to H3K4me3 in vitro and overlaps with H3K4me3 ChIP-seq peaks in mouse embryonic stem cells, the mechanism by which MORC3 regulates gene expression is unknown. Results: In this study, we find that MORC3 functions as an epigenetic silencer of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Loss of MORC3 results in upregulation of ERVs, specifically those belonging to the LTR class of retrotransposons. Using ChIP-seq, we measure the genome-wide localization of MORC3 in wild-type cells and find that MORC3 binds to ERVs suggesting its direct role in regulating ERV expression. Previous studies have shown that these ERVs are marked by repressive histone mark H3K9me3 which plays a key role in their silencing. Interestingly, we find that the levels of H3K9me3 do not change substantially upon the loss of MORC3 indicating that MORC3 possibly acts downstream of the TRIM28/SETDB1 complex that deposits H3K9me3 at these loci. Instead, we discover that loss of MORC3 results in increased chromatin accessibility at the ERVs suggesting that MORC3 silences ERVs by compacting DNA in mESCs. Conclusions: Our results reveal MORC3 as a novel regulator of ERV silencing in mouse embryonic stem cells. As early mammalian development is characterized by dynamic changes in ERV expression, the role of MORC3 in silencing ERVs is exciting and could potentially explain the abnormalities observed due to its misregulation during mammalian development.
2021-10-28 | GSE173915 | GEO
Project description:Background: MORC proteins are involved in epigenetic gene silencing in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms. Deletion of MORCs result in several developmental abnormalities and their dysregulation has been implicated in developmental disease and multiple cancers. Specifically, mutations of mammalian MORC3 have been associated with immune system defects, Down syndrome and human cancers such as bladder, uterine, stomach, and lung cancers, and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. While previous studies have shown that MORC3 binds to H3K4me3 in vitro and overlaps with H3K4me3 ChIP-seq peaks in mouse embryonic stem cells, the mechanism by which MORC3 regulates gene expression is unknown. Results: In this study, we find that MORC3 functions as an epigenetic silencer of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Loss of MORC3 results in upregulation of ERVs, specifically those belonging to the LTR class of retrotransposons. Using ChIP-seq, we measure the genome-wide localization of MORC3 in wild-type cells and find that MORC3 binds to ERVs suggesting its direct role in regulating ERV expression. Previous studies have shown that these ERVs are marked by repressive histone mark H3K9me3 which plays a key role in their silencing. Interestingly, we find that the levels of H3K9me3 do not change substantially upon the loss of MORC3 indicating that MORC3 possibly acts downstream of the TRIM28/SETDB1 complex that deposits H3K9me3 at these loci. Instead, we discover that loss of MORC3 results in increased chromatin accessibility at the ERVs suggesting that MORC3 silences ERVs by compacting DNA in mESCs. Conclusions: Our results reveal MORC3 as a novel regulator of ERV silencing in mouse embryonic stem cells. As early mammalian development is characterized by dynamic changes in ERV expression, the role of MORC3 in silencing ERVs is exciting and could potentially explain the abnormalities observed due to its misregulation during mammalian development.
2021-10-28 | GSE173913 | GEO