Combined epigenetic and differentiation-based treatment inhibits neuroblastoma tumor growth and links HIF2α to tumor suppression
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE102996 | GEO | 2017/08/23
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA399713
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer characterized by variable outcomes ranging from spontaneous regression to life-threatening progression. High-risk neuroblastoma patients receive myeloablative chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell transplant followed by adjuvant retinoid differentiation treatment. However, the overall survival remains low; hence, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. One feature of high-risk neuroblastoma is the high level of DNA methylation of putative tumor suppressors. Combining the reversibility of DNA methylation with the differentiation-promoting activity of retinoic acid (RA) could provide an alternative strategy to treat high-risk neuroblastoma. Here we show that treatment with the DNAdemethylating drug 5-Aza-deoxycytidine (AZA) restores high-risk neuroblastoma sensitivity to RA. Combined systemic distribution of AZA and RA impedes tumor growth and prolongs survival. Genomewide analysis of treated tumors reveals that this combined treatment rapidly induces a HIF2α-associated hypoxia-like transcriptional response followed by an increase in neuronal gene expression and a decrease in cell-cycle gene expression. A small-molecule inhibitor of HIF2α activity diminishes the tumor response to AZA+RA treatment, indicating that the increase in HIF2α levels is a key component in tumor response to AZA+RA. The link between increased HIF2α levels and inhibited tumor growth is reflected in large neuroblastoma patient datasets. Therein, high levels of HIF2α, but not HIF1α, significantly correlate with expression of neuronal differentiation genes and better prognosis but negatively correlate with key features of high-risk tumors, such as MYCN amplification. Thus, contrary to previous studies, our findings indicate an unanticipated tumor-suppressive role for HIF2α in neuroblastoma.
2017-08-23 | GSE102994 | GEO
Project description:Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer characterized by variable outcomes ranging from spontaneous regression to life-threatening progression. High-risk neuroblastoma patients receive myeloablative chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell transplant followed by adjuvant retinoid differentiation treatment. However, the overall survival remains low; hence, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. One feature of high-risk neuroblastoma is the high level of DNA methylation of putative tumor suppressors. Combining the reversibility of DNA methylation with the differentiation-promoting activity of retinoic acid (RA) could provide an alternative strategy to treat high-risk neuroblastoma. Here we show that treatment with the DNA demethylating drug 5-Aza-deoxycytidine (AZA) restores high-risk neuroblastoma sensitivity to RA. Combined systemic distribution of AZA and RA impedes tumor growth and prolongs survival. Genomewide analysis of treated tumors reveals that this combined treatment rapidly induces a HIF2α-associated hypoxia-like transcriptional response followed by an increase in neuronal gene expression and a decrease in cell-cycle gene expression. A small-molecule inhibitor of HIF2α activity diminishes the tumor response to AZA+RA treatment, indicating that the increase in HIF2α levels is a key component in tumor response to AZA+RA. The link between increased HIF2α levels and inhibited tumor growth is reflected in large neuroblastoma patient datasets. Therein, high levels of HIF2α, but not HIF1α, significantly correlate with expression of neuronal differentiation genes and better prognosis but negatively correlate with key features of high-risk tumors, such as MYCN amplification. Thus, contrary to previous studies, our findings indicate an unanticipated tumor-suppressive role for HIF2α in neuroblastoma.
2017-06-28 | GSE100568 | GEO
Project description:Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer characterized by variable outcomes ranging from spontaneous regression to life-threatening progression. High-risk neuroblastoma patients receive myeloablative chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell transplant followed by adjuvant retinoid differentiation treatment. However, the overall survival remains low; hence, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. One feature of high-risk neuroblastoma is the high level of DNA methylation of putative tumor suppressors. Combining the reversibility of DNA methylation with the differentiation-promoting activity of retinoic acid (RA) could provide an alternative strategy to treat high-risk neuroblastoma. Here we show that treatment with the DNA-demethylating drug 5-Aza-deoxycytidine (AZA) restores high-risk neuroblastoma sensitivity to RA. Combined systemic distribution of AZA and RA impedes tumor growth and prolongs survival. Genome-wide analysis of treated tumors reveals that this combined treatment rapidly induces a HIF2?-associated hypoxia-like transcriptional response followed by an increase in neuronal gene expression and a decrease in cell-cycle gene expression. A small-molecule inhibitor of HIF2? activity diminishes the tumor response to AZA+RA treatment, indicating that the increase in HIF2? levels is a key component in tumor response to AZA+RA. The link between increased HIF2? levels and inhibited tumor growth is reflected in large neuroblastoma patient datasets. Therein, high levels of HIF2?, but not HIF1?, significantly correlate with expression of neuronal differentiation genes and better prognosis but negatively correlate with key features of high-risk tumors, such as MYCN amplification. Thus, contrary to previous studies, our findings indicate an unanticipated tumor-suppressive role for HIF2? in neuroblastoma.
| S-EPMC5544284 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Combined epigenetic and differentiation-based treatment inhibits neuroblastoma tumor growth and links HIF2α to tumor suppression
| PRJNA399713 | ENA
Project description:The calcium-sensing receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that exerts cell-type specific functions in numerous tissues and some cancers. We have previously reported that this receptor exhibits tumor suppressor properties in neuroblastoma. We have now assessed cinacalcet, an allosteric activator of the CaSR approved for clinical use, as targeted therapy for this developmental tumor using neuroblastoma cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with different MYCN and TP53 status. In vitro, acute exposure to cinacalcet induced endoplasmic reticulum stress coupled to apoptosis via ATF4-CHOP-TRB3 in CaSR-positive, MYCN-amplified cells. Both phenotypes were partially abrogated by phospholipase C inhibitor U73122. Prolonged in vitro treatment also promoted dose- and time-dependent apoptosis in CaSR-positive, MYCN-amplified cells and, irrespective of MYCN status, differentiation in surviving cells. Cinacalcet significantly inhibited tumor growth in MYCN-amplified xenografts and reduced that of MYCN-non amplified PDX. Morphology assessment showed fibrosis in MYCN-amplified xenografts exposed to the drug. Microarrays analyses revealed up-regulation of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) in cinacalcet-treated MYCN-amplified tumors. These were predominantly CTAs encoded by genes mapping on chromosome X, which are the most immunogenic. Other modulated genes upon prolonged exposure to cinacalcet were involved in differentiation, cell cycle exit, microenvironment remodeling and calcium signaling pathways. CTAs were up-regulated in PDX and in vitro models as well. Moreover, progressive increase of CaSR expression upon cinacalcet treatment was seen both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, cinacalcet reduces neuroblastoma tumor growth and up-regulates CTAs. This effect represents a therapeutic opportunity and provides surrogate circulating markers of neuroblastoma response to this treatment.
| S-EPMC4941301 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Compared to the well-established roles of apoptosis in tumor suppression, the roles and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death, in tumor biology remain much less understood. BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) encodes a nuclear de-ubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme to reduce histone 2A ubiquitination (H2Aub) on chromatin, and is a tumor suppressor in several human cancers. Here, integrated transcriptomic, epigenomic, and cancer genomic analyses link BAP1 to metabolism-related biological processes, including oxidative stress response, and identify cystine transporter SLC7A11 as a BAP1-repressed target gene with high relevance to BAP1-mediated tumor suppression in human cancers. Functional studies reveal that BAP1, in a DUB-dependent manner, decreases H2Aub occupancy on the SLC7A11 promoter and represses SLC7A11 expression, and that BAP1 inhibits cystine uptake and promotes ferroptosis through repressing SLC7A11 expression. Finally, we show that BAP1 inhibits tumor development partly through SLC7A11, and that cancer-associated BAP1 mutants lose their abilities to repress SLC7A11 and to promote ferroptosis. Together, the results of our study show that BAP1 executes its tumor suppression function at least partly through its regulation of SLC7A11 and ferroptosis, and uncover a previously unappreciated mechanism coupling ferroptosis to tumor suppression.
2018-07-05 | GSE101987 | GEO
Project description:Leiomyosarcomas are rare mesenchymal neoplasms characterized by a smooth muscle differentiation pattern. Due to the extremely poor prognosis in patients, the development of novel chemotherapeutic regimens remains critically important. In this study, multiple leiomyosarcoma cell lines, SK-UT1, SK-LMS1, and MES-SA were treated with varying doses of the DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors (DNMTi) 5-azacitidine (Aza), 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (DAC), and guadecitabine (SGI-110). The effect of these epigenetic modulators was measured using both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Of the three epigenetic modulators, Guadecitabine was the most effective at decreasing cell survival in LMS cell lines. SK-UT1 was found to be the more sensitive to all three epigenetic modulators, while SK-LMS1 and MES-SA were more resistant. The contrast in sensitivity seen was also represented by the increase in apoptosis in Aza and guadecitabine. In parallel with Aza, guadecitabine was observed to also arrest the cell cycle. Treatment with guadecitabine led to a decrease in growth across the spectrum of sensitivity in LMS cell lines, both in a delayed in vitro and in vivo model; in parallel experiments, apoptotic pathways were activated in sensitive and less sensitive lines. Additional studies are required to explore potential therapeutic applications and mechanisms for leiomyosarcoma treatment.
| S-EPMC5922404 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in infants and children, with amplification of the oncogene MYCN being a hallmark of high-risk disease and poor prognosis. Although less frequent, overexpression of MYC is similarly an indicator of poor prognosis. Most NB tumors initially respond to chemotherapy, however, most will relapse, resulting in chemoresistant disease. After relapse, there is growing evidence of p53 inactivation. MYC/MYCN and MDM2 have been shown to interact and contribute to NB growth and disease progression. MDM2 inhibitors and Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) inhibitors have both shown promise in treating NB by increasing the expression of p53 and decreasing MYC/MYCN expression, respectively. Our study focuses on the combined treatment of a MDM2 inhibitor (CGM097) with a BET inhibitor (OTX015) in neuroblastoma.MethodsTwo p53 wild-type and two p53 mutant established neuroblastoma cells lines were used to test this combination. Ray design assays were used to test whether this combination was synergistically cytotoxic to NB cells. Western blots were performed to check signaling pathways of interest after drug treatment. IncuCyte imaging and flow cytometry were utilized to quantify the apoptotic and cytostatic effects of these drugs on NB cells. In vivo studies were carried out to test the antitumor effect of this combination in a living host.ResultsThe combination of CGM097 and OTX015 resulted in p53 activation, decreased expression of MYC family proteins and a subsequent synergistic increase in NB cell death.ConclusionThis study warrants further investigation into the combination of MDM2 inhibitors and BET inhibitors for the treatment in NB.
| S-EPMC7643634 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:MYCN oncogene amplification is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. CX-5461 is a small molecular inhibitor that prevents initiation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis by RNA Pol I, down-regulating MYCN/MYC proteins. We hypothesize that neuroblastoma tumor growth can be suppressed by CX-5461. METHODS:MYCN-amplified (KELLY, IMR5) and nonamplified (SY5Y, SKNAS) neuroblastoma cells were treated with CX-5461. MYCN/MYC expression after 24-48 h was determined by Western blot. Orthotopic neuroblastoma tumors created in mice using KELLY cells were treated with CX-5461-loaded silk films implanted locally. Tumor growth was monitored using ultrasound. Histologic evaluation of tumors was performed. RESULTS:IC50 for KELLY, IMR5, SY5Y, and SKNAS cells to CX-5461 was 0.75 μM, 0.02 μM, 0.8 μM, and 1.7 μM, respectively. CX-5461 down-regulated MYCN and MYC proteins at 0.25-1.0 μM on Western blot analysis. CX-5461-loaded silk film released 23.7±3 μg of the drug in 24 h and 48.2±3.9 μg at 120 h. KELLY tumors treated with CX-5461-loaded film reached 800 mm3 after 7.8±1.4 days, while those treated with control film reached the same size on 5.1±0.6 days (p=0.03). CX-5461-treated tumors showed collapse of nucleolar hypertrophy and MYCN protein downregulation. CONCLUSION:We demonstrated that local delivery of CX-5461 via sustained release platform can suppress orthotopic neuroblastoma tumor growth, especially those with MYCN/MYC overexpression.
| S-EPMC6545249 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, with heterogeneous clinical manifestations ranging from spontaneous regression to aggressive metastatic disease. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that senses plasmatic fluctuation in the extracellular concentration of calcium and plays a key role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. We have previously reported that this receptor exhibits tumor suppressor properties in neuroblastoma. The activation of CaSR with cinacalcet, a positive allosteric modulator of CaSR, reduces neuroblastoma tumor growth by promoting differentiation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. However, cinacalcet treatment results in unmanageable hypocalcemia in patients. Based on the bias signaling shown by calcimimetics, we aimed to identify a new drug that might exert tumor-growth inhibition similar to cinacalcet, without affecting plasma calcium levels. We identified a structurally different calcimimetic, AC-265347, as a promising therapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, since it reduced tumor growth by induction of differentiation, without affecting plasma calcium levels. Microarray analysis suggested biased allosteric modulation of the CaSR signaling by AC-265347 and cinacalcet towards distinct intracellular pathways. No upregulation of genes involved in calcium signaling and ER stress were observed in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models exposed to AC-265347. Moreover, the most significant upregulated biological pathways promoted by AC-265347 were linked to RHO GTPases signaling. AC-265347 upregulated cancer testis antigens (CTAs), providing new opportunities for CTA-based immunotherapies. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of the biased allosteric modulation when targeting GPCRs in cancer. More importantly, the capacity of AC-265347 to promote differentiation of malignant neuroblastoma cells provides new opportunities, alone or in combination with other drugs, to treat high-risk neuroblastoma patients.
| S-EPMC9027928 | biostudies-literature