Functional changes of AMPA responses in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors in fragile X syndrome
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE103965 | GEO | 2018/12/19
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Transcriptome analysis of RNA samples collected from human control and FXS iPS cell-derived neural progenitors at day 1 and day 7 of differentiation Lack of fragile X mental retardation protein results in fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is the most common inherited intellectual disability syndrome and serves as an excellent model disease to study molecular mechanisms behind neuropsychiatric comorbidities. We compared the transcriptomes of human neural progenitors (NPCs) generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of three FXS and three control male donors. Altered expression of RAD51C, PPIL3, GUCY1A2, MYD88, TRAPPC4, LYNX1, and GTF2A1L in FXS NPCs suggested changes related to triplet repeat instability, RNA splicing, testes development, and pathways previously shown to be affected in FXS. LYNX1 is a cholinergic break of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-dependent plasticity, and its reduced expression was consistent with augmented tPA-dependent radial glial process growth in NPCs derived from FXS iPSC lines. An analysis of gene expression in LYNX1-related signaling pathways revealed that NPCs derived from an FXS male with concomitant epilepsy differed from the other FXS NPCs. The differently expressed genes comprised several epilepsy-related genes, including genes shown to cause the auditory epilepsy phenotype in the murine model of FXS. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted regulation of insulin-like growth factor pathway in human NPCs modeling FXS with epilepsy. Our results link early gene expression changes of FXS NPCs with the pathogenesis of FXS and comorbid epilepsy.
2022-12-31 | GSE216875 | GEO
Project description:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is one of the most prevalent inherited intellectual disabilities. The patients carry the expansion of over 200 CGG repeats located at the 5′ untranslated region of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1). As a result, the FMR1 promoter becomes hypermethylated leading to decreased or absent expression of its encoded RNA-binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). We previously generated human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from fibroblasts of a FXS patient (FXS-iPSC) with expanded CGG-repeats at the FMR1 promoter. In the present work, we explored the transcriptional misregulation during the embryonic neurogenesis by in-vitro differentiation of FXS-iPSC into neurons through the intermediate stages. At each differentiation stage, we collected RNA and performed RNA-seq. After an integrated analysis, we found up-regulation of many genes encoding TFs for neuronal differentiation (WNT1, BMP4, POU3F4, TFAP2C, and PAX3), down-regulation of potassium channels (KCNA1, KCNC3, KCNG2, KCNIP4, KCNJ3, KCNK9, and KCNT1) and altered temporal regulation of SHANK1 and NNAT in FXS-iPSC derived neurons, indicating impaired neuronal differentiation and function in FXS patients. Furthermore, we found the cholesterol synthesis genes (e.g., SQLE, LSS, and FASN) are up-regulated during the in-vitro neuronal differentiation of FXS-iPSC, which may contribute to the obesity phenotype of FXS patients. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the FMRP deficiency in FXS patients has significant impact on the gene expression patterns during development, and also discovered many potential candidate genes for the cure of FXS symptoms such as neuronal abnormalities and obesity.
2016-03-04 | GSE76490 | GEO
Project description:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). We have previously generated FXS-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients' fibroblasts. In this study, we aimed at unraveling the molecular phenotype of the disease. Our data revealed aberrant regulation of neural differentiation and axon guidance genes in FXS-derived neurons, which are regulated by the RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST). Moreover, we found REST to be elevated in FXS-derived neurons. As FMRP is involved in the microRNA (miRNA) pathway we employed microRNA-array analyses and uncovered several miRNAs dysregulated in FXS-derived neurons. We found hsa-mir-382 to be down-regulated in FXS-derived neurons, and introduction of mimic-mir-382 into these neurons was sufficient to repress REST and up-regulate its axon guidance target genes. Our data link, FMRP and REST, through the miRNA pathway, and show a new aspect in the development of FXS. Affimetrix miRNA array of two WT and two fragile X syndrome derived neurons
2014-10-28 | E-GEOD-62721 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). We have previously generated FXS-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients' fibroblasts. In this study, we aimed at unraveling the molecular phenotype of the disease. Our data revealed aberrant regulation of neural differentiation and axon guidance genes in FXS-derived neurons, which are regulated by the RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST). Moreover, we found REST to be elevated in FXS-derived neurons. As FMRP is involved in the microRNA (miRNA) pathway we employed microRNA-array analyses and uncovered several miRNAs dysregulated in FXS-derived neurons. We found hsa-mir-382 to be down-regulated in FXS-derived neurons, and introduction of mimic-mir-382 into these neurons was sufficient to repress REST and up-regulate its axon guidance target genes. Our data link, FMRP and REST, through the miRNA pathway, and show a new aspect in the development of FXS.
2014-10-28 | GSE62721 | GEO
Project description:FXS (Fragile X Syndrome), a leading monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, is caused by an expansion of a CGG repeat in the 5′-UTR of the FMR1 (Fragile X Mental Retardation-1) gene. While current studies of FXS have focused on the effects of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) loss in excitatory neurons, evidence suggests that GABAergic inhibitory networks are also affected in FXS. In this study, we developed a method to reproducibly derive GABAergic inhibitory neurons from multiple FXS and control human pluripotent stem cell lines (PSCs). We found that compared to control, functional assays with microelectrode arrays and immunocytochemistry suggested a developmental delay in the maturing FXS inhibitory network that involves the GABA function switch. The GABA function switch converts the GABAA channel’s role from depolarization to hyperpolarization and has profound effects on the developing brain. To investigate the cause of this delay, we analyzed 14,400 single-cell transcriptomes from FXS and control PSC-derived GABAergic neuron cultures at early and late stages of neurogenesis. Genes related to neuroblast proliferation were upregulated in FXS cells, while neuron-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with action potential regulation, synaptic processes, and mitochondria function were downregulated in FXS cells. In addition, autism-associated genes were overrepresented in the DEGs. Our analysis of inhibitory neuron development suggests that loss of FMRP is associated with delays in the GABAergic neurogenesis and maturation. This observation suggests a novel direction for understanding the underlying disease mechanisms and may help to guide development of therapeutic interventions.
2022-06-29 | GSE198138 | GEO
Project description:Functional changes of AMPA responses in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors in fragile X syndrome
| PRJNA407794 | ENA
Project description:Elevated translation has been reported in multiple models of fragile X syndrome (FXS) and in FXS individuals, however, whether it is limited to fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) target mRNAs or neuronal activity-derived conditions remains unclear. We examined this question by measuring the de novo proteome of the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse hippocampus compared to normal littermates in steady-state and mGluR-stimulated conditions. Our results reveal that the altered de novo translational profile in KO mice involves similar numbers of upregulated and downregulated proteins in both conditions and that mGluR-dependent translation in KOs is variable and inconsistent compared to normal. Nascent proteins from the steady-state translation and activity-dependent translation groups had little overlap and the mRNAs of the candidate proteins did not possess any unifying motifs or properties. Validation of the highest interest FXS candidates revealed differences in de novo synthesis and final abundance levels, which correlated with changes in synaptic levels of miRNA. Taken together, these data suggest that translation is stimulus-specific and not generalized, and that there is more complex, multi-tiered regulation of protein expression that is disrupted in FXS than previously described. To establish relevance of these data to human patients and future biomarker efforts, three candidates were examined in FXS patient plasma and two exhibited altered expression. One was rescued in KO mice blood following a treatment shown previously to ameliorate phenotypes in FXS model mice. In summary, our results provide a clear distinction between steady-state and activity-dependent de novo proteomic profiles in FXS model mice, providing a database of proteins that are synthesized incorrectly, and describe a novel approach for developing biomarkers for FXS.
2017-05-05 | MSV000081061 | MassIVE
Project description:We report the generation of isogenic hPSC model of FXS and characterize the neurodevelopmental capacity of these cells, performed transcriptome profiling in FXS neurons and identified key pathways
2020-05-24 | GSE117248 | GEO
Project description:The proteome of glutamatergic synapses is diverse across the mammalian brain and involved in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Among those is Fragile X syndrome (FXS), an NDD caused by the dysfunctional RNA binding protein FMRP. Here we demonstrate how the brain region-specific composition of post-synaptic density (PSD) contributes to FXS. The FXS mouse model shows, in the striatum, an altered association of the PSD with the actin cytoskeleton, reflecting immature dendritic spine morphology and reduced synaptic actin dynamics. Enhancing actin turnover with constitutively active RAC1 ameliorates these deficits. At the behavioral level, the FXS model displays striatal-driven inflexibility, a typical feature of FXS individuals, that is rescued by exogenous RAC1. Striatal ablation of Fmr1 is sufficient to recapitulate behavioral impairments observed in the FXS model. These results indicate that dysregulation of synaptic actin dynamics in the striatum, a region largely unexplored in FXS, contributes to the manifestation of FXS behavioral phenotypes.
2023-06-08 | PXD040331 | Pride
Project description:Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic form of intellectual disability in male, is caused by the silence of FMR1. Hypermethylation of the CGG expansion mutation in the 5’UTR region of FMR1 in FXS patients was thought to epigenetically silence FMR1. Here, we applied our previously developed DNA methylation editing tool to reverse this hypermethylation event. Targeted demethylation of the CGG expansion by dCas9-Tet1/gRNA switched the heterochromatin status of the FMR1 promoter to an active chromatin status and subsequently restored FMR1 expression in FXS iPSCs. Neurons derived from methylation edited FXS iPSCs showed a similar electrophysiological property as wild-type neurons, and maintained FMR1 expression for months after engrafting into the mouse brain. Reactivation of FMR1 can be achieved in FXS neurons with demethylation of the CGG expansion. Lastly, we showed that targeted demethylation of the FMR1 promoter can reactivate FMR1 as well suggesting potential therapeutic approaches for FXS.
2018-02-16 | GSE102655 | GEO