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Molecular regulation mechanism of cold acclimation and cold tolerance in tea leaves

ABSTRACT: Recently, intensive global climate change has become a major factor impacting plant survival during the winter. Freezing cold temperatures during the winter and abnormal temperature fluctuations during the winter and early spring are the most harmful ambient factors threatening tea plant winter survival and currently cause marked economic losses in tea production. In this study, by simulating natural climate change, we established cold acclimation (CA) and rapid cold stress (after CA) conditions to comprehensively investigate the transcriptome changes involved in CA and rapid cold stress. Electrolyte leakage (EL) rate and expression profile clustering analyses confirmed that the experimental design was valid. Comparative transcription analysis identified many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in both processes. Time course and pathway enrichment analyses further revealed the physiological changes that occur during the initial period of CA and the cell wall changes that occur throughout the entire CA process; these changes play crucial roles in increasing freezing tolerance during this process. Compared with CA, different cold response mechanisms were rapidly activated under cold stress; however, the subsequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which affect multiple aspects, caused by freezing cold could be the harshest factor impairing tea leaves. Moreover, we investigated 60 DEGs shared by both processes and highlighted the importance of KCSs, HXXXD-type acyl-transferase family proteins, NAC080, SWEETs and ENOs in the responses to various cold conditions. These results greatly improve our knowledge of cold response mechanisms in tea plants and provide meaningful information for functional studies investigating cold tolerance-related genes.

ORGANISM(S): Camellia sinensis

PROVIDER: GSE104390 | GEO | 2017/09/29

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA412517

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The sustainable production of perennial grasses in Northern Norway is at risk due to the ongoing climate change. The predicted increase in temperatures and variable weather patterns are further expected to create challenges for winter survival of timothy. Therefore, knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying freezing tolerance is crucial for developing robust cultivars. The current study is aimed at identifying genes involved in the freezing stress response of Timothy and studying gene expression differentiation due to field selection in contrasting environments. Four timothy cultivars, namely Engmo, Noreng, Grindstad and Snorri were field tested for three years at locations Tromsø and Vesterålen in Northern Norway. The surviving material from the field tests along with plants raised from the original seed lots were subjected to freezing tests. Following the tests, crown tissue was collected for RNA extraction. All samples from different treatment points were paired-end sequenced at 20 million reads/sample. LT50 values varied across cultivars and materials. Plant material from cold-acclimated (CA) samples was used as controls, while two pools for each cultivar were made of plant material from temperature points below the LT50, one with the higher temperatures termed Treatment 1 (T1) and one with the lower temperatures termed Treatment 2 (T2). Many genes coding for transcription factors and proteins which are known to play an important role in freezing tolerance like dehydrins, c-repeat binding factors, late embryogenesis abundant proteins are upregulated with decreasing temperatures. Moreover, genes associated with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, glutathione metabolism, proteasome, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism pathways and genes encoding heat shock proteins, autophagy-related, plasma membrane-associated proteins, sugar and amino acid transporters had elevated expression in field survivors compared to plants raised from the original material. These DEGs might be crucial for winter survival of timothy in a changing climate. Furthermore, differences in freezing stress response between northern and southern adapted cultivars, and surviving material from two field trial locations are discussed briefly

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Molecular regulation mechanism of cold acclimation and cold tolerance in tea leaves

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