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Low temperature sweetening of potato tubers

ABSTRACT: This is a study to characterize gene expression profiles in stored Russet Burbank potato tubers. Tubers were harvested from commercial fields in the central sands region of Wisconsin in the fall of 2006. The tubers were put into storage at 55 degrees F for preconditioning and wound healing. Shortly after the temperature of the storage bin began to decrease, uniform, healthy tubers were selected for use in this microarray analysis. Tubers were at 53.6 degrees F at this time, and pieces of starch-storing tissue were collected for use as the reference sample. Other tubers were moved to temperature-controlled lockers and these were cooled gradually to either 48 or 40 degrees F following industry standard procedures. The expectation was that tubers held at 48 degrees would not have a significant accumulation of glucose and fructose, but that tubers cooled to 40 degrees would undergo low temperature sweetening and accumulate glucose and fructose to a degree that is unsuitable for processing. Three weeks later, when the locker temperatures were 48 degrees F and 41.5 degrees F, tissue samples were collected for RNA analysis. After another three weeks, samples were collected from tubers at 48 degrees F and 40 degrees F. At that time some tubers were moved from the 48 degree locker to the 40 degree locker in order to see if gene expression changes observed as a result of gradual cooling are similar to those that occur following a sudden decrease in temperature. Three weeks later, samples were collected from tubers held at 48 degrees F, tubers held at 40 degrees F, and from the tubers that were moved from 48 to 40 degrees F. At this time another set of tubers was transferred from 48 degrees to 40 degrees. Three weeks later the last samples were harvested from tubers held at 48 degrees F, from tubers held at 48 degrees F and from tubers that were transferred three weeks prior from 48 to 40 degrees. RNA was isolated from tissue extracted from three tubers. Keywords: Reference design

ORGANISM(S): Solanum tuberosum

PROVIDER: GSE10483 | GEO | 2008/02/13

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA107929

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: We aimed at i) obtaining insight into how a thermophile organism reacts to cold stress, and ii) evaluating the impact of HGT candidates on the acclimation process to temperature decrease. Methods: The experimental design followed a temperature shift timeline: after two weeks of cultivation at 42°C, constant illumination (90 μE) and constant shaking (160 rpm) in photoautotrophic conditions the first sampling took place (Hot_T48_1) and the cultures of G.sulphuraria were swiftly moved to 28°C ( = cold temperature). "Cold" samples were taken after 3h (Cold_T3_2), 12h (Cold_T12_3) and 48h (Cold_T48_4). After cold treatment at 28°C for 48 hours, the G. sulphuraria was then switched to 46°C for 48 hours (="Hot"). Again, samples were taken after 3h (Hot_T3_5), 12h (Hot_T12_6) and 48h (Hot_T48_7). Altogether, a 48h temperature timeshift at 28°C and successive recovery at 46°C were targeted for sampling. Results: Galdieria sulphuraria is a unicellular red alga that lives in hot, acidic, toxic metal-rich, volcanic environments, where few other organisms survive. Its genome harbours up to 5% of genes most likely acquired through horizontal gene transfer. These genes probably contributed to G. sulphuraria’s adaptation to its extreme habitats, resulting in today’s polyextremophilic traits. Here, we applied RNA-sequencing to obtain insights into the acclimation of a thermophilic organism towards temperatures below its growth optimum and to study how horizontally acquired genes contribute to cold acclimation. A decrease in growth temperature from 42 °C/46 °C to 28 °C resulted in an upregulation of ribosome biosynthesis, while excreted proteins, probably components of the cell wall, were downregulated. Photosynthesis was suppressed at cold temperatures, and transcript abundances indicated that C-metabolism switched from gluconeogenesis to glycogen degradation. Folate cycle and S-adenosylmethionine cycle (one-carbon metabolism) were transcriptionally upregulated, probably to drive the biosynthesis of betaine. All these cold-induced changes in gene expression were reversible upon temperature increase. Numerous genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer displayed pronounced temperature-dependent expression changes, corroborating the view that these genes contributed to adaptive evolution in G. sulphuraria.

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Low temperature sweetening of potato tubers

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