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ONECUT2 Drives Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Through Hypoxia Signaling

ABSTRACT: To determine the underlying mechanism of ONECUT2 in prostate cancer hypoxia, we conducted a series of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq experiments in LNCaP and PC3 cells under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. We did RNA-Seq in LNCaP cells with or without OC2 overexpression and in PC3 cells with or without OC2 knockdown. We used anti-Flag antibody to perform the ChIP-Seq experiment in PC3 cells with Flag and OC2 fusion protein overexpression. We also performed HIF1A ChIP-Seq in AR-negative prostate cancer cell line PC3 under hypoxia condition with or without ONECUT2 or SMAD3 siRNA knockdown. SMAD3 and HIF2A ChIP-Seq were conducted in PC3 cells under hypoxia condition. To confirm the interactions between transcription factors, we also performed ChIP-reChIP-seq. We did the primary ChIP experiment using anti-SMAD3 antibody and then we subjected the ChIPed chromatin by the primary ChIP to reChIP experiments using anti-HIF1A or anti-HIF2A antibody. The reChIPed DNA was submitted to next generation sequencing.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE106305 | GEO | 2019/02/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2) is a master transcriptional regulator operating in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) that suppresses AR activity and promotes neural differentiation and tumor cell survival. OC2 mRNA possesses an unusually long (14,575 nt), evolutionarily conserved 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) with many microRNA binding sites, including up to 26 miR-9 sites. This is notable because miR-9 targets many of the same genes regulated by the OC2 protein. Paradoxically, OC2 expression is high in tissues with high miR-9 expression. The length and complex secondary structure of the OC2 mRNA suggests it is a potent master competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) capable of sequestering miRNAs. Here we describe a novel role for the OC2 3’-UTR in lethal prostate cancer consistent with a function as a ceRNA. A plausible ceRNA network in OC2-driven tumors was constructed computationally then confirmed in prostate cancer cell lines. Genes regulated by the OC2 3’-UTR exhibited high overlap (up to 45%) with genes driven by overexpression of the OC2 protein in the absence of the 3’-UTR, indicating a cooperative functional relationship between the OC2 protein and its 3’-UTR. These overlapping networks suggest an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to reinforce OC2 transcription by protection of OC2-regulated mRNAs from miRNA suppression. Both the protein and the 3’ UTR showed increased Polycomb Repressive Complex activity. Expression of OC2 3’-UTR mRNA alone (without protein) dramatically increased metastatic potential by in vitro assays. Additionally, OC2 3’-UTR increased expression of Aldo-Keto Reductase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase family genes responsible for altering the androgen synthesis pathway. ONECUT2 represents the first described dual-modality transcript that operates as both a key transcription factor driving castration resistant prostate cancer but also as a master ceRNA that promotes and protects the same transcriptional network

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ONECUT2 Drives Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Through Hypoxia Signaling

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