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Project description:Background & Aims: Lineage-specific expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been observed recently. However, the underlying mechanism of such specific transcription regulation is unclear. The aim of this study is to identify squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lineage-specific lncRNAs and to investigate the mechanisms for their expression and function. Methods: Expression characteristics and functions of four candidate SCC-specific lncRNAs were explored. qRT-PCR assays were employed to measure the expression of LINC01503 in 113 tumor/normal matched esophageal SCC (ESCC) cases and its association with survival was determined. The mechanisms underlying LINC01503 function and regulation in ESCC cells were examined using molecular biological methods. Results: Using SCC as a model, we identified a novel super-enhancer (SE)-driven lncRNA, LINC01503, which was uniquely expressed in SCCs such as those from esophagus (ESCC) and head and neck (HNSC). LINC01503 was up-regulated in SCCs and its high expression correlated with poor clinical outcomes. SCC master transcriptional factor TP63 directly bound to a SE at LINC01503 locus and activated its transcription. LINC01503 exhibited strong oncogenic functions in ESCC cell models both in vitro and in vivo. ERK2 and EBP-1 were identified as interacting proteins mediating the effects of LINC01503. Specifically, LINC01503 protected ERK2 from dephosphorylation by DUSP-6, leading to the activation of ERK/MAPK pathway. Similarly, LINC01503 interfered the interaction between EBP-1 and PI3K p85, enhancing Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that LINC01503 is a lineage-specific oncogene in ESCC, which may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for SCC patients.
2018-12-01 | GSE106433 | GEO
Project description:Background & Aims: Lineage-specific expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been observed recently. However, the underlying mechanism of such specific transcription regulation is unclear. The aim of this study is to identify squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lineage-specific lncRNAs and to investigate the mechanisms for their expression and function. Methods: Expression characteristics and functions of four candidate SCC-specific lncRNAs were explored. qRT-PCR assays were employed to measure the expression of LINC01503 in 113 tumor/normal matched esophageal SCC (ESCC) cases and its association with survival was determined. The mechanisms underlying LINC01503 function and regulation in ESCC cells were examined using molecular biological methods. Results: Using SCC as a model, we identified a novel super-enhancer (SE)-driven lncRNA, LINC01503, which was uniquely expressed in SCCs such as those from esophagus (ESCC) and head and neck (HNSC). LINC01503 was up-regulated in SCCs and its high expression correlated with poor clinical outcomes. SCC master transcriptional factor TP63 directly bound to a SE at LINC01503 locus and activated its transcription. LINC01503 exhibited strong oncogenic functions in ESCC cell models both in vitro and in vivo. ERK2 and EBP-1 were identified as interacting proteins mediating the effects of LINC01503. Specifically, LINC01503 protected ERK2 from dephosphorylation by DUSP-6, leading to the activation of ERK/MAPK pathway. Similarly, LINC01503 interfered the interaction between EBP-1 and PI3K p85, enhancing Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that LINC01503 is a lineage-specific oncogene in ESCC, which may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for SCC patients.
2018-12-01 | GSE106432 | GEO
Project description:TP63-driven super-enhancer-associated LINC01503 promotes the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
| PRJNA416863 | ENA
Project description:Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are aggressive malignancies. Previous report demonstrated that master transcription factors (TFs) TP63 and SOX2 exhibited overlapping genomic occupancy in SCCs. However, functional consequence of their frequent co-localization at super-enhancers remains incompletely understood. Here, epigenomic profilings of different types of SCCs reveal that TP63 and SOX2 cooperatively and lineage-specifically regulate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CCAT1 expression, through activation of its super-enhancers and promoter. Silencing of CCAT1 substantially reduces cellular growth both in vitro and in vivo, phenotyping the effect of inhibiting either TP63 or SOX2. ChIRP analysis shows that CCAT1 forms a complex with TP63 and SOX2, which regulates EGFR expression by binding to the super-enhancers of EGFR, thereby activating both MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These results together identify a SCC-specific DNA/RNA/protein complex which activates TP63/SOX2-CCAT1-EGFR cascade and promotes SCC tumorigenesis, advancing our understanding of transcription dysregulation in cancer biology mediated by master TFs and super-enhancers.
| S-EPMC6127298 | biostudies-literature
Project description:TP63-driven super-enhancer-associated LINC01503 promotes the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ChIP-Seq)
| PRJNA416868 | ENA
Project description:TP63-driven super-enhancer-associated LINC01503 promotes the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (4C-Seq)
| PRJNA416865 | ENA
Project description:BACKGROUND:Super-enhancers (SEs) play a crucial role in cancer, which is often associate with activated oncogenes. However, little is known about how SEs facilitate tumour suppression. Individuals with Down syndrome exhibit a remarkably reduced incidence of breast cancer (BC), moving the search for tumor suppressor genes on human chromosome 21 (HSA21). In this study, we aim to identify and explore potential mechanisms by which SEs are established for tumor suppressor RCAN1.4 on HSA21 in BC. METHODS:In silico analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the expression and clinical relevance of RCAN1.4 and RUNX3 in BC. Function experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of RCAN1.4 on the malignancy of breast carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. ChIP-seq data analysis, ChIP-qPCR, double-CRISPR genome editing, and luciferase reporter assay were utilized to confirm RUNX3 was involved in regulating RCAN1.4-associated SE in BC. The clinical value of co-expression of RCAN1.4 and RUNX3 was evaluated in BC patients. RESULTS:Here, we characterized RCAN1.4 as a potential tumour suppressor in BC. RCAN1.4 loss promoted tumour metastasis to bone and brain, and its overexpression inhibited tumour growth by blocking the calcineurin-NFATc1 pathway. Unexpectedly, we found RCAN1.4 expression was driven by a?~?23?kb-long SE. RCAN1.4-SEdistal was sensitive to BRD4 inhibition, and its deletion decreased RCAN1.4 expression by over 90% and induced the malignant phenotype of BC cells. We also discovered that the binding sites in the SE region of RCAN1.4 were enriched for consensus sequences of transcription factor RUNX3. Knockdown of RUNX3 repressed the luciferase activity and also decreased H3K27ac enrichment binding at the SE region of RCAN1.4. Furthermore, abnormal SE-driven RCAN1.4 expression mediated by RUNX3 loss could be physiologically significant and clinically relevant in BC patients. Notably, we established a prognostic model based on RCAN1.4 and RUNX3 co-expression that effectively predicted the overall survival in BC patients. CONCLUSIONS:These findings reveal an important role of SEs in facilitating tumour suppression in BC. Considering that the combination of low RCAN1.4 and low RUNX3 expression has worse prognosis, RUNX3-RCAN1.4 axis maybe a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for BC patients.
| S-EPMC7414732 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2016-05-01 | GSE76861 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundEarly detection of cancer remains an unmet need in clinical practice, and high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity biomarkers are urgently required. Here, we attempted to identify secreted proteins encoded by super-enhancer (SE)-driven genes as diagnostic biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsWe conducted an integrative analysis of multiple data sets including ChIP-seq data, secretome data, CCLE data and GEO data to screen secreted proteins encoded by SE-driven genes. Using ELISA, we further identified up-regulated secreted proteins through a small size of clinical samples and verified in a multi-centre validation stage (345 in test cohort and 231 in validation cohort). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate diagnostic accuracy. Artificial intelligence (AI) method named gradient boosting machine (GBM) were applied for model construction to enhance diagnostic accuracy.ResultsSerum EFNA1 and MMP13 were identified, and showed significantly higher levels in ESCC patients compared to normal controls. An integrated Five-Biomarker Panel (iFBPanel) established by combining EFNA1, MMP13, carcino-embryonic antigen, Cyfra21-1 and squmaous cell carcinoma antigen had AUCs of 0.881 and 0.880 for ESCC in test and validation cohorts, respectively. Importantly, the iFBPanel also exhibited good performance in detecting early-stage ESCC patients (0.872 and 0.864). Furthermore, the iFBPanel was further empowered by AI technology which showed excellent diagnostic performance in early-stage ESCC (0.927 and 0.907).ConclusionsOur study suggested that serum EFNA1 and MMP13 could potentially assist ESCC detection, and provided an easy-to-use detection model that might help the diagnosis of early-stage ESCC.
| S-EPMC11340493 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy and the major histological subtype of oesophageal cancer. Although recent large-scale genomic analysis has improved the description of the genetic abnormalities of OSCC, few targetable genomic lesions have been identified, and no molecular therapy is available. This study aims to identify druggable candidates in this tumour.High-throughput small-molecule inhibitor screening was performed to identify potent anti-OSCC compounds. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) were conducted to decipher the mechanisms of action of CDK7 inhibition in OSCC. A variety of in vitro and in vivo cellular assays were performed to determine the effects of candidate genes on OSCC malignant phenotypes.The unbiased high-throughput small-molecule inhibitor screening led us to discover a highly potent anti-OSCC compound, THZ1, a specific CDK7 inhibitor. RNA-Seq revealed that low-dose THZ1 treatment caused selective inhibition of a number of oncogenic transcripts. Notably, further characterisation of the genomic features of these THZ1-sensitive transcripts demonstrated that they were frequently associated with super-enhancer (SE). Moreover, SE analysis alone uncovered many OSCC lineage-specific master regulators. Finally, integrative analysis of both THZ1-sensitive and SE-associated transcripts identified a number of novel OSCC oncogenes, including PAK4, RUNX1, DNAJB1, SREBF2 and YAP1, with PAK4 being a potential druggable kinase.Our integrative approaches led to a catalogue of SE-associated master regulators and oncogenic transcripts, which may significantly promote both the understanding of OSCC biology and the development of more innovative therapies.
| S-EPMC5912916 | biostudies-literature